Indications for intubating neonates

The following are the indications for intubating a neonate:

1. PaO2 less than 45mmHg while breathing 80 – 100% FiO2
2. PaCO2 greater than 65mmHg
3. Intractable metabolic Acidosis(B.E. less than -10 meq.)
4. Marked retractions on CPAP
5. Frequent episodes of apnea and bradycardia on CPAP