The Two Paths

Lately I've been thinking about life as two paths.

Not two perfect paths. Not good versus evil. Not healthy people versus unhealthy people.

Just two roads that most of us travel back and forth between.

Path #1 is the health path.

You don't have to be a fitness model to be on this path. You don't have to spend two hours a day in the gym. You don't have to count every calorie or refuse a piece of birthday cake.

You simply make health a priority.

You exercise regularly. You move your body. You try to eat reasonably well most of the time. You get enough sleep. You take your medications. You pay attention to your weight instead of pretending the scale doesn't exist.

You can still have a drink. You can still enjoy pizza. You can still have dessert. The difference is that those things are occasional passengers in the car, not the ones holding the steering wheel.

Path #1 isn't always exciting. In fact, some days it's downright boring. Nobody gets excited about going for a walk, drinking water, or getting on the elliptical for fifteen minutes.

But over time, Path #1 usually leads to more energy, better health, a healthier weight, and a longer, more active life.

Path #2 is the neglect path.

Exercise becomes something you'll start tomorrow.

The drinks come easier. The portions get larger. The naps become more frequent. The walks become less frequent. The scale slowly moves in the wrong direction.

As a respiratory therapist, I've spent nearly thirty years taking care of patients suffering from the consequences of Path #2. Smoking. Obesity. COPD. Heart disease. Diabetes. Sleep apnea. High blood pressure.

The problem with Path #2 isn't that it's miserable.

The problem is that parts of it are actually very enjoyable.

The extra drink is enjoyable.

Skipping the workout is enjoyable.

The cheeseburger tastes good.

Sleeping in feels great.

That's why the path is so seductive.

Path #2 asks for very little today, but quietly takes a lot from you tomorrow.

One drink becomes two.

Two become four.

A missed workout becomes a missed week.

A few extra pounds become fifty.

The road feels smooth at first, but the farther you travel down it, the harder it becomes to turn around.

As I write this, I know exactly which direction I've been heading.

I'm overweight. I don't exercise as much as I should. I enjoy alcohol more than I should. I've spent years telling myself that tomorrow will be the day I get serious again.

The frustrating part is that I know what Path #1 feels like because I've been there before.

Years ago, I followed the Body-for-Life program and got into some of the best shape of my adult life. I exercised consistently. I ate better. I felt better.

I know what that version of me looks like.

The problem isn't knowledge.

The problem is making the turn.

Because life isn't really about choosing one road forever.

Every day is a series of turns.

A workout is a turn toward Path #1.

A walk is a turn toward Path #1.

Choosing not to have that extra drink is a turn toward Path #1.

Ignoring your health is a turn toward Path #2.

The good news is that no single decision permanently puts you on either road.

You can make a bad choice today and a better one tomorrow.

You can spend years heading in the wrong direction and still turn around.

And maybe that's the lesson I've been trying to remind myself of lately.

The goal isn't perfection.

The goal is simply to make more turns toward the life you want than the life you don't.

As respiratory therapists, we care for people from both paths.

We've all seen the lifelong fitness enthusiast who exercised regularly, maintained a healthy weight, never smoked, rarely drank, and seemed to do everything right—yet still became ill. Life doesn't guarantee outcomes, no matter how carefully we live.

But we also care for many people who have spent years drifting down Path #2. Some smoked. Some drank heavily. Some stopped exercising. Some gradually gained weight. Others simply became overwhelmed by life and let their health slide further and further down the priority list.

The lesson isn't that Path #1 guarantees perfect health or that Path #2 guarantees disease. Life is more complicated than that.

The lesson is that while we can't control everything that happens to us, we can influence the odds. Every healthy choice nudges those odds in our favor. Every unhealthy habit nudges them the other way.

As therapists, we see the consequences of both chance and choice every day. That's one reason I keep reminding myself that health isn't about perfection. It's about making more turns toward Path #1 than Path #2.

Morphine Nebulizers Show “Remarkable Impact” on Hospital Atmosphere, Early Reports Say

Hospitals across the country are reporting a noticeable shift in unit atmosphere following the quiet introduction of aerosolized Morphine therapy, commonly referred to as “morphine nebs.”

The treatment, which began as a conceptual extension of earlier “Ativan neb” programs, was initially explored as a way to address severe dyspnea and patient discomfort. What administrators did not anticipate, however, was the broader impact on staff workflow and overall unit tone.

“We were focused on patient comfort,” said one hospital director involved in a pilot program. “What we found was that the entire environment changed. Patients were more at ease, families were calmer, and the number of urgent pages dropped almost immediately.”

Patients receiving the treatment described a sense of relief that extended beyond breathing alone.

“It wasn’t just that I could breathe better,” said one patient recovering from advanced lung disease. “It was that I didn’t feel like I was fighting anymore. Everything just… slowed down.”

Respiratory therapists say the change has been noticeable from the moment treatments began.

“Before, we were running from room to room,” one RT said. “Every call was ‘short of breath,’ whether it was bronchospasm or not. Now, when it’s appropriate, we’re addressing the discomfort directly. The difference is obvious.”

Nursing staff report similar observations.

“You walk onto the floor and it just feels different,” one nurse said. “Less tension. Fewer alarms. Fewer call lights going off every five minutes. You actually have time to think.”

Family members, often a source of concern and anxiety during hospital stays, have also responded positively.

“I used to feel like something was wrong all the time,” said one patient’s daughter. “Now I can sit here, and he looks comfortable. That changes everything.”

Some facilities have noted an unexpected secondary benefit: a reduction in non-urgent respiratory therapy consults.

“We’re seeing fewer ‘just come check on them’ calls,” one administrator said. “It turns out that when patients are comfortable, a lot of those concerns resolve on their own.”

Not everyone is convinced. Critics emphasize that morphine is not a bronchodilator and does not treat underlying pulmonary pathology.

“This is not a replacement for appropriate respiratory care,” one physician noted. “It’s a comfort measure. It has a role, but it needs to be used thoughtfully.”

Facilities participating in these programs stress that point as well.

“We’re not treating bronchospasm with morphine,” said Dr. Pierce. “We’re treating distress. And those are not always the same thing.”

For respiratory therapists, the shift has been both practical and philosophical.

“It forces you to think about what you’re really treating,” one RT said. “Is it the lungs, or is it the experience the patient is having?”

Early data remains limited, and further study is expected. Still, hospitals involved in the rollout say the initial results have been hard to ignore.

“It’s calmer,” one nurse said simply. “That’s the best way to describe it.”

As one respiratory therapist summarized, “When the patient is comfortable, everything else tends to fall into place.”

Trust Us, But Don't Trust Us

The Neonatal CPAP Paradox of Regional Hospitals

One of the biggest frustrations in modern healthcare isn't usually the patients. It's the policies.

When I first started working as a respiratory therapist, our small-town hospital was remarkably self-sufficient. We handled most of what came through our doors. If a newborn needed respiratory support, we had equipment and staff capable of stabilizing that baby while decisions were made about the next step.

Then healthcare changed.

Hospitals merged. Systems grew larger. Decisions increasingly came from people sitting in offices hundreds of miles away. Some of those changes were good. We got better equipment, better pay, and renovations that never would have happened if we had remained independent. I have no problem admitting that.

But some decisions still leave me scratching my head.

One of the first things the experts at the larger hospital did was take away our neonatal ventilator.

The reasoning, as I understood it, was that we didn't have enough neonatal volume, enough specialists, or enough physician coverage to safely manage those babies long term. Fair enough. I can understand that argument even if I don't completely agree with it.

The practical result, however, was that whenever a newborn needed respiratory support, we often found ourselves standing at the bedside with a NeoPuff, manually holding a mask on the baby's face while waiting for the transport team.

Sometimes we waited an hour.

Sometimes two.

Sometimes longer.

I have personally stood there for up to four hours holding a mask on a newborn while waiting for the "baby buggy" to arrive.

Over the years, staff repeatedly asked about neonatal CPAP equipment.

The answer was always no.

We were told we weren't set up for that level of care. We didn't have the experience. We didn't have the specialists. We didn't have the support structure.

Again, fair enough.

Then one day we got neonatal CPAP equipment.

Problem solved, right?

Not exactly.

The new policy was that we could put the baby on CPAP—but the respiratory therapist still had to remain at the bedside the entire time.

At which point my confused little respiratory therapist brain started asking questions.

For years, we were told we couldn't do CPAP.

Now we can do CPAP.

But we still can't leave the room.

So what exactly changed?

If we were not qualified to manage neonatal CPAP before, why are we qualified now?

And if we're qualified now, why does the RT still have to stand there continuously?

The whole thing feels like one of those workplace situations where a problem is solved and not solved at the same time.

It's a little like being told you're not trusted to drive a car, so the car is taken away. Ten years later you're handed the keys back, but you're informed that a supervisor must remain in the passenger seat at all times and you're not allowed to leave the driveway.

Technically, you have a car again.

Practically, nothing has changed.

To be fair, I'm sure there are policy reasons, liability reasons, accreditation reasons, and administrative reasons behind every one of these decisions. Somewhere there is probably a committee meeting and a three-inch binder explaining it all.

But from the bedside, where respiratory therapists actually take care of patients at three o'clock in the morning, it can feel a little absurd -- a lot absurd.

And healthcare is full of those moments.

The people writing the policies believe they're simplifying things.

The people following the policies are often left wondering if anyone noticed how complicated they just made them.

Ativan Nebulizers Bring Unprecedented Calm to Hospital Units

March 2026 — Ativan Nebulizers Gain Widespread Acceptance in Hospitals Nationwide

Hospitals across the United States are reporting unexpected results following the quiet rollout of aerosolized Ativan treatments, commonly referred to as “Ativan nebs,” a therapy that was once dismissed as impractical and controversial.

Originally proposed more than a decade ago in a niche respiratory therapy blog post dated January 5, 2012, the idea has since gained traction in select facilities seeking alternative approaches to managing patient distress.

Administrators say the shift began as a pilot program aimed at reducing unnecessary use of Albuterol for non-bronchospastic conditions. What followed, according to early reports, was a noticeable change in patient behavior—and staff morale.

“We weren’t expecting this,” said Dr. Alan Pierce, a pulmonologist involved in one of the early trials. “We thought we were just addressing anxiety in dyspneic patients. But what we saw was a broader effect. Patients were calmer. Units were quieter. Even staff interactions improved.”

Patients who have received the treatment describe a markedly different experience.

“I used to hit the call light constantly,” said one patient recovering from pneumonia. “I felt like I couldn’t catch my breath, even when they said my numbers were fine. After the treatment, I just… relaxed. I finally slept.”

Another patient, admitted for what was described as “vague shortness of breath,” reported similar results. “I don’t remember much after the treatment,” he said. “But I remember not caring as much. And that helped.”

Respiratory therapists, often tasked with administering frequent nebulizer treatments, say the change has been significant.

“Before this, we were giving albuterol for everything,” said one RT who asked to remain anonymous. “Wheezing, no wheezing, doesn’t matter. Now, if it’s clearly anxiety-driven, we have another option. I’m not running back to the same room every two hours for the same complaint.”

Nursing staff have also reported improvements.

“You walk into a room during one of these treatments, and the whole atmosphere is different,” said a medical-surgical nurse. “The patient is calm. The family is calm. I’m calm. It’s… unusual, but in a good way.”

Some hospitals have noted an unexpected secondary effect: reduced call light usage.

“We didn’t set out to study that,” said a hospital administrator. “But the data speaks for itself. When patients are more relaxed, they simply request less.”

Not everyone is convinced. Critics point out that aerosolized benzodiazepines do not address the underlying causes of respiratory conditions and may carry risks, particularly in vulnerable populations.

“These medications were never intended for this route of administration,” said one pharmacologist. “There are valid concerns about sedation, respiratory drive, and unintended exposure to staff.”

Those concerns are acknowledged by facilities using the treatment, though many say the benefits have been difficult to ignore.

“We’re not replacing traditional therapies,” Dr. Pierce said. “We’re expanding how we think about symptoms. Not every complaint of shortness of breath is bronchospasm. Sometimes, it’s fear.”

For respiratory therapists on the front lines, the change has been more practical than philosophical.

“It’s simple,” one therapist said. “If the patient is calm, everything else gets easier.”

Researchers say further study is needed, though interest in the therapy continues to grow. Several institutions are reportedly exploring variations of the approach, including controlled environmental exposure systems in high-stress units.

Meanwhile, staff at participating hospitals describe a subtle but noticeable shift in daily operations.

“It’s quieter,” one nurse said. “You don’t realize how loud and tense things were until they’re not.”

As one respiratory therapist put it, “We spent years treating numbers and lung sounds. This is the first time it feels like we’re treating the whole situation.”

Whether Ativan nebulizers represent a lasting change in respiratory care remains to be seen. For now, hospitals experimenting with the approach say they are encouraged by the early results—and the calmer atmosphere that seems to follow.

Further updates are expected as additional data becomes available.

Flavored Ventolin

U.S. Patent 1409782349023490235-90234-0978234507892345=908

Over the years, I’ve heard a lot of feedback from patients about Ventolin. Not about whether it works. Most people agree it does. The comments are usually about everything else—especially the taste.

It comes up more often than you’d think. Patients will ask why it tastes the way it does or if there’s a version that tastes better. Some even suggest flavors. After hearing that enough times, you start to wonder what that would actually look like.

If patient feedback were driving product development, Ventolin might come in a variety of flavors by now. Apple, mint, and cherry would probably be at the top of the list. Pineapple might make an appearance. Chocolate would get requests, even if no one is quite sure how that would work. And there would always be a few more creative suggestions that probably wouldn’t make it past the first meeting.

It sounds like a joke, but it points to something real. Patients don’t just experience medications for what they do—they experience how they feel, how they taste, and how easy they are to use. Those details matter more than we sometimes admit.

In respiratory therapy, albuterol is used often and in a wide range of situations. For many patients, it becomes part of the routine. And when something becomes routine, the little things start to matter—like how it tastes.

That’s where flavored Ventolin comes in. In this world, it’s real. And honestly, it makes sense. If we’re going to give the same treatment over and over, we might as well make the experience a little better.

Because the truth is, albuterol has become something of a default. Wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, “just in case”—it shows up in just about every scenario. Most of the time, it helps. That’s why we keep using it.

But when something becomes that common, it’s worth taking a step back and asking why. Are we using it because the patient truly needs it, or because it’s what we’ve always done?

The idea of flavored Ventolin is a joke, but it points to something real. Patients notice the details. They notice how treatments feel, how they fit into their day, and yes, even how they taste.

Maybe that doesn’t change the outcome. But it does change the experience.

And if we’re being honest, anything that makes the experience a little better—whether it’s cherry, mint, or something more creative—isn’t the worst idea we’ve ever had.

Tidal Volumes in Pediatrics: What to Use and When

It had been a while. That’s usually how it goes in a small hospital. You can go months without seeing a pediatric patient who needs a ventilator. Most of the time we stabilize and ship. So when one finally shows up, there’s always that moment where you have to stop and think it through. That’s really the point of this post. Not to make it complicated, just to review the basics so when it happens you’re not guessing.

One of the first questions that comes up is the circuit. Can you use an adult circuit on a pediatric patient with a Hamilton? Technically, yes. But it’s not ideal. Adult circuits have more volume and more compliance, and with a small patient that can throw things off. If you have a pediatric circuit, use it. It’s more accurate and just makes things easier. If you don’t, then you use what you have and pay closer attention to what you’re seeing.

The next thing is setup, and this is where everything comes back to weight. Pediatrics is all weight-based. If you don’t have a weight, get one, even if it’s just an estimate. That one number drives everything you do on the ventilator.

Mode is where people start overthinking things. Pressure versus volume always comes up. A lot of people lean toward pressure control, especially with uncuffed tubes, because you’re going to have some leak and pressure handles that better. That’s generally a safe way to go if you don’t do this often. Modern ventilators like the Hamilton can handle volume modes pretty well too, but if you’re unsure, pressure control keeps things simple and predictable.

When it comes to volumes, you’re usually thinking in the range of about 6 to 8 mL per kilogram. If the lungs are stiff or you’re worried about lung protection, you can go lower, more like 4 to 6. The big mistake is trying to fix problems by giving bigger breaths. Kids don’t need big tidal volumes. That tends to cause more harm than good. If you’re using a pressure mode, including pressure support, you’re not setting a tidal volume directly, so you adjust the pressure until you’re seeing those target volumes. Watch what the patient is actually getting and make your changes based on that, not just the number you dial in.

Rate is where pediatrics really separates from adults. Kids need higher rates. If you use adult settings, you’re going to under-ventilate them. Infants are often in the 25 to 40 range, younger kids somewhere around 20 to 30, and older kids still higher than adults. If your CO₂ is off, you usually fix that with rate before you start pushing pressures or volumes too high.

PEEP is simple. Start around 5 and adjust based on oxygenation. Same thinking as adults. FiO₂, start high if you need to, then bring it down as soon as you can. That part doesn’t change.

Inspiratory time is something people forget, but it matters more in kids. Their lungs are faster, so inspiratory time is usually shorter, somewhere around half a second up to maybe 0.8. If the waveforms don’t look right, this is one of the first things to adjust.

The biggest thing, especially if you haven’t done this in a while, is to watch the patient. Not just the ventilator. Look at chest rise, how they’re interacting with the vent, whether they look comfortable, whether the numbers actually match what you’re seeing. The ventilator can look perfect and still be wrong.

Working in a small hospital also changes your mindset. You’re not trying to manage this patient long term. You’re stabilizing, avoiding harm, and buying time until transport gets there. That takes a lot of pressure off if you think about it that way. You don’t need perfect settings, you just need safe and effective ones.

So if you keep it simple, get a weight, choose a mode you’re comfortable with, stay in a reasonable range for volumes or pressures, set a higher rate than you would for an adult, and watch the patient, you’ll be fine. It might feel uncomfortable if it’s been a while, but the basics don’t change. And in pediatrics, doing the basics well goes a long way.

The 7.40 / 40 Club

If you work in respiratory therapy long enough, you start to notice another pattern.

It’s not wheezing.
It’s not shortness of breath.

It’s numbers.

Specifically: pH 7.40 and CO₂ 40.

Somewhere along the way, those two numbers became the holy grail. The center of the universe. The place where all patients are apparently supposed to live at all times, no matter what.

I once had a doctor joke with me—half joking, anyway—that the goal of BiPAP is simple:

“Get the pH to 7.40 and the CO₂ to 40.”

That’s it. Mission accomplished. Everyone go home.

And honestly, once you hear it, you can’t unsee it.

Patient comes in with a CO₂ of 42.

Forty-two.

Two points above perfection.

Next thing you know: “Let’s put them on BiPAP.”

Now, is the patient in distress?
Are they altered?
Are they tiring out?

Eh… details.

The number is 42.

And we all know what that means.

They must be guided—gently, heroically—back to 40.

Because clearly, the human body cannot function at 42. It’s a miracle they made it this far.

So on goes the mask.

Pressures get dialed in.
Alarms start beeping.
The patient gives you that look like, “Was I doing something wrong?”

And in the background, the ABG waits patiently… ready to reveal whether we’ve restored order to the universe.

A couple hours later:

CO₂: 40

And there it is. Balance has been restored. The stars align. The RT exhales. The doctor nods. The number is right where it belongs.

Never mind that the patient felt okay before. Never mind that they feel exactly the same now—just with a tight mask strapped to their face and a machine hissing beside them.

But the number?

Perfect.

Now, to be fair, BiPAP absolutely has its place. When someone is in real trouble—acidotic, tiring out, heading in the wrong direction—it can be a lifesaver. No argument there.

But sometimes… sometimes it feels like we’re not treating patients.

We’re treating decimals.

We’re chasing a version of “normal” that looks great on paper but doesn’t always match what’s happening in front of us.

Because here’s the truth most of us learn eventually:

Not every patient is supposed to be 7.40 and 40.

Some live at 45.
Some live at 50.
Some have been there for years and are doing just fine.

And that’s okay.

The body adapts. It compensates. It finds its own version of balance, even if it doesn’t match the textbook.

But every now and then, you’ll still hear it.

“CO₂ is a little high… maybe we should start BiPAP.”

And you can’t help but smile.

Because deep down, we all know what we’re really chasing.

Welcome to the 7.40 / 40 Club.