Saturday, April 30, 2011

STAT pre-operative EKG

So I get called STAT to do an EKG on a pre-operative patient. Of course I know that 99.934 of the time I've ever gotten paged STAT to go there it's just because the patient is having surgery and needs a pre-surgery EKG, so I stop and go to the bathroom on the way, and then I stop in the department where my boss has a few questions for me. You see, fool me 300 times and shame on me, fool me the 301st time shame on you.

So I get down there and I don't say, "I'm pissed at you for paging me STAT," however I do mention, "STAT" every chance I get:
  • Where's the STAT EKG?
  • Does the patient the STAT EKG is on have chest pain?
  • Why was the EKG ordered STAT?
You know, I play this game. The response I got this time was: "We needed to get the EKG done because we need to get the patient to surgery so we can free up this bed."

Sometimes I get, "The doctor ordered it that way.

I have no problem with that, but don't call me STAT. Don't make me pull the EKG from another department to do a STAT treatment, because if a patient comes into the other department and truly needs a STAT EKG he won't be able to get his STAT EKG done because I'm doing your STAT EKG so you can free up a bed.

I don't care if the doctor ordered it that way, or if the tooth ferry ordered it that way. It's disrespectful to me and every patient who truly needs a STAT procedure to order your procedure STAT just so you can empty a bed.

For more information, see RT Cave Rule #6.

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Friday, April 29, 2011

Good dental care may prevent pneumonia

DentalPlans.com reports here on a study that links dental hygiene with respiratory health. The study,published in the Journal of Periodontology, linked periodontal disease with an increased risk of pneumonia and COPD.

Of 200 subjects aged 20 to 60 studied, "the individuals with respiratory diseases had markedly worse periodontal health."

The theory here is that inhaled bacteria can cause respiratory infections. The exact mechanism, however, is still unknown.

Earlier studies have already proven a link between arthritis and diabetes and poor dental care. Now Dentists can add good healthy to the public relations and advertising campaigns.

To me this study makes sense, considering bacteria that sits in the mouth and erodes the teeth can just as easily make it to the lungs and cause infections down there. Infections in the lungs can lead to both pneumonia and exacerbations of COPD.

Good dental hygiene will cleans the mouth of bad bacteria, and therefore reduce the risk of pneumonia. I wouldn't think it would prevent COPD, just the pneumonia that might develop in their already thick and trapped mucus.

We'll have to wait for further studies to learn more.

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Thursday, April 28, 2011

New drug may soon be available to CF patients

One of the biggest problems for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients is the excessive and often thick and even tenatious secretions that make breathing difficult and become breeding grounds for bacteria, which often leads to pneumonia.

However, if researchers at the University of Colorado School of Medicine are correct, Cystic
Fibrosis patients may soon have a new medicine available to them that is "supposed" to prevent the formation of mucus. According to WebMD, it might also delay the progression of CF.

The name of the medicine, in case your interested, is denufosol.

According to topnews.us, Dr. Frank Accurso, professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado, said the new medicine "helps enhance the hydration of the airways and can aid in clearing mucus. The drug is different from other cystic fibrosis medications which primarily treat the symptoms rather than the underlying causes."

This ultimately will help prevent mucus from "clogging" various organs such as the pancreas and especially the lungs. The drug would be taken three times daily. A study is presently ongoing in America.

This is significant because scientists believe the lungs of CP patients are normal at birth and damage occurs later in life, especially after progressive lung infections which are due to secretions.

As reported by WebMD, "the hope is that denufosol will delay or prevent the progressive changes that lead to irreversible airflow obstruction."

So perhaps some day soon CF patients will have an opportunity to discuss this new medicine with their physicians, and hopefully it will allow them to live a normal lifespan free of the complications CF causes its many victims.

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Wednesday, April 27, 2011

met hemoglobin

Your question: My patient had a lab CO-Ox MethGB of 0.7 and later of 0.6. I know that the normal range is 0-1.5%, but what in the world is a CO-Ox MethGB? What does it measure and what does it effect?

My humble answer: Methemoglobiin is a type of hemoglobin that does not carry oxygen. It's normally 1-2% of all hemoglobin. Anything less than 10% will show no symptoms, so the fact a MetHb falls from 0.7 to 0.6 is insignificant. A variation of that amount might simply be a normal variation by the machine. As it gets high it just means that there is that much less hemoglobin for oxygen to attach to. If the methb gets higher than 10% you will note that the SpO2 will start to drop, and may read in the 90% range. As it gets higher the SpO2 will continue to drop. High methgb may = hypoxia.

For MetHb to be high is very rare, and I have never seen it in 15 years as an RT. There are a few rare disease states that prevent the body from converting metHb into hemoglobin, such as a deficiency in cytochrome B5 reductase, G6Pd deficiency (mostly in infants), hemoglobin M disease, and pyruvate kinase deficiency. All of those diseases in one way or another effect the red blood cells and prevent normal mechanisms that breakdown methbb, and most involve anemia, jaundice, and/ or neonates.

Exposure to some chemicals may cause it to increase, such as arsine and amines, chlorobenzine (pesticides), chromate (chemical that protects metals from coroding and to improve paint adhesion, nitrite (used to cure meat because it prevents bacterial growth), nitrates (biproduct of septic systems and waste product from certain factories that can increase nitrate levels of fish near land). Some say this is one reason kids under 2 should not eat certain fish and water critters.

MetHb can also be increased by certain drugs, such as nitrates, nitrites, nitroglycerine, nitroprusside, quinomes, sulfonamides, dapsome (Leprocy tx), and chloeoquin (malaria tx).

greater than 10 = bluish coloring around lips and other mucus membranes
greater than 20= anxiety, headache and dyspnea
greater than 30= fatigue, confusion, headache, palps
greater than 50= coma, ceizure, arrhythmia, acidosis
greater than 70 = death

Note:  While I'm confident this information is accurate based on my past studies, we'll take it with a grain of salt.  I'm saying this because the only source I could find with information regarding this question was Wikepedia.

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Tuesday, April 26, 2011

Can humidifier cause fluid retention (edema)

Your question: I have noticed increased edema since being put on a bi-pap machine with moisture. I have a fluid restriction of 1 liter daily, but have not increased fluid intake. Could the distilled water that we put in the bi-pap machine each night contribute to fluid retention?


My humble answer: Good question

If you use a BiPAP without a humidifier your mouth and nose become dry and your lips crusty. So basically all the humidifier does is make up for this loss of oral and nasal humidity. So I wouldn't think this would have anything to do with fluid retention. However, it is fluid intake, and it is inhaled, and some may make it to the lungs, so it's possible this intake is overlooked by some physicians. Yet my humble opinion is this wouldn't be enough to "cause" a problem. If you perceive that it does, you should turn off the humidifier and call your physician. You should actually call your physician regardless, because he should know about any new "edema."
I will see if I can find any research or studies done in this regard and let you know what I come up with. Good luck. Rick.


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Monday, April 25, 2011

Which is better: Albuterol or Levalbuterol. Learn the answer by checking out my latest blog entry from MyAsthmaCentarl.com

The Debate: Albuterol or Levalbuterol

Albuterol and Levalbuterol are both bronchodilators, both can provide instant relief from an asthma attack, and can conveniently be carried in a pocket or purse for convenience. So which of these two great rescue medicines is best for you?

Albuterol might just be the greatest gift ever to asthmatics. It was approved by the FDA in 1
982 and quickly became the most popular asthma medicine of the 20th century, and perhaps the most popular one of all time. It made breathing easy fast and without all the side effects of older bronchodilators like Alupent and Bronchosol.

One of the few problems with Albuterol was that it contained both a R-Isomer that relaxed smooth muscle, and an S-Isomer that did not relax smooth muscle.
Studies later discovered that the S-Isomer actually caused paradoxical bronchospasm in about 8 percent of those who use the medicine.

According to the Annals of Pharmacotherapy,
paradoxical bronchospasm is an adverse side effect of Albuterol. It's when the medicine causes bronchospasm. This may be a result of either the propellant used or the evil S-Isomer.

Scientists were unable to separate the R-Isomer from the S-Isomer until the later 1990s, and in 1999 the R-Isomer was isolated and referred to as Levalbuterol and marketed as Xopenex. Albuterol officially had competition.

The problem with getting Xopenex on the market was that the patent for Albuterol had expired, and generic Albuterols made this medicine fairly inexpensive. The patented Xopenex would cost six times that of Albuterol (Albuterol 26 cents an amp, and Xopenex $1.55).

So the makers of Xopenex had the challenge of convincing doctors that Xopenex was better than Albuterol. Their salespeople had trouble convincing doctors, so they decided on a unique marketing method of convincing respiratory therapists and nurses and having us sell the new product to doctors.

What they did was take us RTs out to eat at fancy restaurants and let us order anything off the menu. We jumped all over this and ordered the most expensive items on the menu. Then we ordered drinks. Since it took forever for the food to arrive, by the time it did we were drunk.

Then the salesperson showed us all these studies that proved Xopenex not only didn't have the S-Isomer, it also was stronger, had fewer side effects, and lasted longer than Albuterol. At first glance, it looked to be the new asthma miracle medicine.

Yet then we RTs started giving Xopenex to patients, and we noticed something: it did not work better than Ventolin, and it did not appear to have less side effects, and it did not last longer. In fact, it appeared to work no better than Albuterol.

Then we learned the initial studies were funded by the makers of Xopenex. Independent studies (
as reported by the University of Michigan) proved Levalbuterol was not much different from Albuterol other than that it costs six times more.

So what do you believe? What medicine works best to treat your asthma? Which rescue medicine should your doctor prescribe?

The answer to that is: it depends on you and your doctor. Due to cost, I think most hospitals and doctors prescribe Albuterol as the default bronchodilator. Yet if it doesn't work well enough, or if side effects are an issue, Xopenex is available for trial.

Still, it only makes sense to me that if you are prescribed Xopenex you should never take Albuterol, because if you do you'll be getting the dreaded S-Isomer in your system, and doing so would defeat the purpose of using Xopenex in the first place.

In the future, once the cost of Xopenex equals that of Albuterol, in only makes sense that Xopenex would be the medicine of choice. In the meantime, it is my humble opinion that Albuterol would work fine for most asthmatics in most situations.

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Sunday, April 24, 2011

The things you must do in life

A wise person once said that there are two things every person needs in life regardless of cost:


  1. A good bed to sleep on


  2. A good pair of shoes
My wife and I decided to add things to this short list:


  1. A camera to preserve memories

  2. Creating good memories
And even though my wife and are are frugal and put the people in our lives before material items, there are certain things one must do in life regardless of cost.

For example, my wife and I go to Florida each year regardless of cost. We usually spend time with my parents, and then we take the kids to Disney.

Once and a while we think that we should skip this trip, and instead do something more frugal with that money, like pay off our debt.

Yet then we reason that my parents aren't going to be alive forever, and our kids aren't going to be with us forever, and we should spend time with our parents and create memories for the kids.

So each year we go to Florida regardless of the cost. So, as the wise man said, there are things one must do in this life regardless of cost (and within reason of course).

Here we are on Easter Sunday and there are many people who have little or no money. Yet each kid should be visited by the Easter Bunny, regardless of cost. Happy Easter!!!!

Saturday, April 23, 2011

CPT or massage

This is just a thought here, but I have done some research on whether or not doing CPT has any real benefit, and of all the studies done on the topic over the years there is no conclusive evidence either way. Hence, chances are it does not knock thick secretions from the air passages as expected.

However, as I was working out at the health club a few years back the person working at the club was learning how to do sports massages. They asked if I would be the subject. I eagerly volunteered. One of the things they did on me was, you guessed it, CPT. It was done exactly how we RTs do it.

So, now this has me wondering:  is CPT really part of the pulmonary toilet, or just a glorified massage?

Friday, April 22, 2011

Muscle Clenching improves will power????

I have tried to diet many times, and never succeed unless I'm also working out daily. Some people might have the will power to simply eat well without exercise, but that's never been one of my strengths.

A new study, however, may show why this is so. According to this USA Today post, "clenching your muscles may help boost your will power." It may help you reduce the "temptation" to eat foods you don't think you should be eating.

The study shows that it doesn't matter what muscle you clench, be it your biceps, triceps, hand, fingers, calves, or hamstrings, the study showed muscle clenching resulted in better will power.

The catch is that muscle clenching only worked when the participant had a goal of not eating the said food, be it chocolate cake or a bag of chips.

I don't know if this has anything to do with it, but when I'm lifting weights I find that I have more muscle strength, and my muscles feel more powerful, and therefore I'm more likely to clench them during the coarse of the day.

When my muscles atrophy, I'm more of a wimpy man like Hans and Franz from the old Saturday NightLive Skit played by Dana Carvey and Kevin Nealon. A wimpy man has less of a desire to flex his muscles, because he has "little teeny weeny muscles."

Perhaps I'm being frivolous here, yet I have found that when I'm lifting weights regularly I tend to eat better; I have better will power. Perhaps some researchers can use my observation here and spend a million bucks or so furthering this research.

So this could be kind of hilarious as you see me and my wife sitting around clenching our muscles all day long. Or hilarious as you see me at work clenching my muscles on Monday morning when a doctor brings in a box of donuts or candy bars.

Thursday, April 21, 2011

Your choice: Eat healthy or don't eat healthy!!!

I read recently about how in New York some radicals have convinced legislatures to force restaurants into placing the ingredients of their foods somewhere visible on the walls of their restraurants. The goal here is to make people aware of what's in foods so they only eat the healthy stuff.

I don't have a problem with this being done locally, because it is local governments who should be experimenting in this way. However, while the goal by creating all these labels is to get people to make good choices, there has never been a study done that show they work.

Everywhere we look now there are labels, and there is a growing number of evidence that most people just ignore them. When I come across an agreement on the Internet I simply click yes and go on with my life. I don't want to waste my time reading all that Lawyer jargon.

When I want to eat healthy, I make the decision to purchase healthy foods. Yet at least once a week, and sometimes more often, my wife and I choose to eat out. When we do, we most certainly don't want to buy food that doesn't taste good. We want to buy food that has salt and high concentrations of triglycerides. We want to eat hearty.

So they can have labels on the walls of restaurants, or on the wrappers and napkins of McDonald's and Burger King, and I don't think it has ever stopped one person from eating a Big Mac if a Big Bac is on their minds. I don't think it stops them from eating french fries either.

I think we all know fast food is junk food and junk food is not good for us. Yet I think we can go back to the wisdom of our fathers that says, "Anything in moderation is a good thing."

Still, I think the ultimate goal of radicals is not simply to have signs on walls and napkins, they want to "force" restaurants and other food makers to make their foods healthier. A while back New York tried to pass a law making it illegal to put salt in food. They said they were doing this "for our own good."

Lest last I read it, the role of the U.S. Constitution is not to protect us from ourselves, it is to protect us from each other. So they start with napkins, and then it is printed on walls, and then they make laws that tell us what we can and cannot eat.

This all falls in line with their ultimate objective of a government run healthcare system. However, there's an old saying that lines up here well too: You are a slave to the person you are in debt to. If the government is flipping your bills, the government has a right to tell you what to do.

If the government is paying for your healthcare, then the government has a right to lell you what you can and cannot eat. The government has a right to keep you healthy.

And this is why we must be careful what we allow our government to do. The more laws enacted by Congress, the less freedoms you and I have.

Eating right should be a personal choice, not one forced upon us by a government. If you're like me, you're struggling all the time to stay healthy. Yet, if you're like me, life is stressful and you are not perfect.

So, eat well. Or, if you're in the mind for it, make the individual decision to eat poorly like this lady did.


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Wednesday, April 20, 2011

The Five Stages of RT Grief

I'm sure you guys have heard at some point in your lives or careers about the Five Stages of Grief. Usually they are used to explain how someone deals with the fact they have a life threatening disease, although they do explain many other aspects of our lives too.

For instance, the Seven Stages of Grief also explain how we medical care practitioners (RNs and RTs) deal with the medical field, and perhaps other people too.

For starters, here are the Seven Stages the Grief:

1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

Consider the following flow of events. You are in high school or some point in your life and you decide to become an RT or an RN. You make this decision becaue you want to make a difference. You want to help people. You, in essence, think you are walking into the ideal situation. After all, the U.S. Healthcare System is the best in the world.

Now I do think and always have that the U.S. Healthcare System is the best in the world. I'm not arguing that. Yet I do think a problem lies in that the Healthcare System is not so much focused on improving patient care, it's more focused on money.

I have never in my 15 year career as an RT ever sat in front of my boss getting lectured because I didn't give good care. I have never had a patient complain about me. However, I have been lectured because I didn't chart a treatment or because I made some minor mistake here or there that might effect -- you guessed it -- reimbursement criteria for that patient.

Thus, it all comes down to money. Money is all that matters. They will tell you they are trying to improve patient care when they create order sets, yet that's not the complete truth. The complete truth is they want to make sure all these procedures are ordered for a given diagnosis (DRG) so that the hospital is reimbursed. That, in essense, is the true purpose of the Keystone Commission. That's the ultimate goal of CMS (Medicare and Medicaid) and Insurance programs.

In essence, the entire medical field is screwed up. Now, here is the sequence of Grief as it pertains to Respiratory Therapy:

1. Denial: We leave RT School thinking every thing is hunky dory. We really believe every breathing treatment we give will be useful. Yet soon we realize most of what we do is either a waste of time or delays time. So we simply deny it. We go on as though we were still living in the ideal world we learn about in RT School.

2. Anger: We realize now that it is screwed up. That we were not simply making up in our heads that 80% of what we do is useless. We become apathetic. You hear there is a lot of apathy in the medical field, and when you see an apathetic RT he is in the Anger stage of Grief.

3. Bargaining: This is where you try to make it better. When I was in this stage I really felt I could make a difference. I created my cheat sheets and wrote protocols for just about everything. One of us might join the Keystone Committee thinking w'd get to know doctors better and would be able to convince them to work with me in creating protocols. This would all make it better. You look in to other RT jobs thinking the grass might be greener on the other side of the fence.

4. Depression: Yet soon you realize no one wanted to make it better, or at least few wanted to make waves. Most decide all that matters is getting a paycheck In fact, with all the new order sets this problem got worse. Instead of doing fewer useless therepies we now do more. While we complained about doing outpatient Holter Monitors in the ER, instead of getting rid of STAT ER Holter monitors our boss ordered 76 new Holters. The Keystone Committee has created order sets for each DRG which make sure every patient with said diagnosis gets an EKG or a breathing treatment whether they need it or not. You are now depressed. You feel hopeless. There is nothing you can do. The protocols you wrote are ignored. You realize the grass is not greener on the other side of the fence, and you are thus bummed. You feel trapped.

5. Acceptance: This is where I am at right now. I have passed the above steps and I've now come to terms with the fact the medical field the way it stands right now is the best in the world, yet it still sucks. Doctors are afraid of lawsuits, and politicians don't care. In fact, politicians just passed Obamacare, which has made everything worse by its unintended (or intended depending on how you look at it) consequences.

I'm not saying I'm never going to do anything to make it better, yet I've resigned myself to the fact that most of my attempts will be rejected and ignored.

Don't get me wrong. The field of RT is still a good and rewarding career. I would still recommend it to anyone. Yet like any other career, it is not perfect. It is a young and flawed profession. The medical field in itself is also young and flawed. And those who purport to make it better somehow just make it worse. Which is why many of us RTs decided long ago to work so we can go home.

And, as with the rest of the medical field, you will have to accept that much of what you do is not to the benefit of the patient. In fact, much of what you do will have no impact on the health of the patient whatsoever.

Yet everything you do will impact whether or not the hospital gets reimbursed for that patient. Yet, once agian, the bottom line is money. Only the future, and perhaps who we vote into political office, will change this bottom line. Yet I wouldn't bet my life on a quick solution.

The people who have the ability to help the patient have their hands tied behind their literal backs. Only you can make it better by reaching the acceptance stage as fast as you can. It took me 15 years.

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Tuesday, April 19, 2011

What can I do if I don't have a rescue inhaler?

Your question: I have a rescue inhaler which I keep with me at all times. However, I am completely paranoid that I might not have it with me during an asthma attack or that I have no puffs left. What do I do in this type of emergency? Somebody told me to drink caffeine and another told me to drink lots of water. What should I do if caught sans inhaler? Thank you!

My humble answer: Great question. In fact, this actually ties in perfectly with a post I've been planning to write. Back when I had less control of my life (pre-20), I had my inhaler go empty many times. Some I survived with ease, and other times didn't go so well. Caffeine is a mild bronchodilator, and may help take the edge off. Yet I didn't find it was too effective. Lots of water is "always" a good idea. It keeps your lungs hydrated so you can easily cough up excess phlegm. Diaphragmatic breathing is definitely a must. You have to breath properly. In the advent you're short of breath you have a tendency to breath paradoxically. With diaphragmatic breathing you'll also want to try pursed lip breathing if you are short of breath. With asthma you have air trapped in your lungs, so it's important to slow down the expiratory phase to let more air out. Whether you're short of breath or not, being without your inhaler can be stressful. Since STRESS in itself can trigger asthma, you'll want to try some relaxation exercises. Plus, bronchodilator anxiety alone (which is what you have) is enough in and of itself to cause stress. This explains why so many asthmatics are fine so long as they have their inhaler on hand, and feel "tight" as soon as they realize they don't have it.

Do NOT try over the counter asthma remedies. These are dangerous. Examples include Ephedra and primitine mist.

Another tip you might be able to benefit from is Ventolin is a generic medicine. And a prescription includes whatever the doctor writes. So if you have your doctor write for 3 Ventolin inhalers you should be able to get 3 for the price of one. I actually at one point got 6. Talk to your doctor about this. I do it, and always have a spare Ventolin (although I often lose all three at same time).

What I did not cover here is asthma control. Increased Ventolin use can be a sign of poorly controlled asthma and you should work with your doctor. I'll will "assume" this is something you've already considered and are doing. Some asthmatics simply "need" their rescue medicine more often.

These are just some random tips off the top of my head. I hope to expound on this soon. Let me know if you have any further questions. Rick


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Oxygen and asthma

I have been asked many times over the course of the years I've been blogging about respiratory therapy and asthma if it is true that asthma effects your bodies ability to diffuse oxygen. The answer is most of the time no, yet sometimes yes. Allow me to explain.

In the past I have ardently noted on this blog or my asthma blog that I have rarely seen an asthmatic with a low oxygen saturation. I also have memories of waking up from anesthesia and asking for my rescue inhaler, and the anesthesiologist saying, "You don't need your inhaler, your oxygen saturation is normal."

"I don't care what your numbers say, " I said back then, "What I feel is short of breath, and I need my inhaler." Of course I didn't say it like that, my response was more of a grunt and a certain look we asthmatics have that says, "Gimme my inhaler!"

So, does oxygen effect diffusion? If so, when? To find the answer to this question allow me to refer to the god of all respiratory books: "Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care." The volume I paid $63.95 for is volume 6, or the 1993 version. Yet I think the answer would be unchanged in the newer versions. If you learn different please let me know.

According to my version, the answer comes on page 472. Egan notes that early on during an asthma attack hyperventilation (rapid breathing) occurs due to anxiety, and this actually causes your bodies ability to diffuse oxygen to increase. Your oxygen saturation might even go up.

I would say that most of the asthma attacks I have are mild in nature, mainly thanks to all the good preventative medicines I take. A simple puff of my rescue medicine and my breathing is back to normal (most of the time). My oxygen levels do not decrease. My oxygen saturation does not drop below 98%.

But that hasn't always been the case. I will explain in a moment. First we need some definitions.

So what is oxygen saturation? This is also known as oxygen sat, sat, SpO2, or pulse ox. It's also referred to as the 5th vital sign after heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and blood pressure. It's the percentage of oxygen you inhale that makes it to your blood stream.

More specifically, in your blood you have red blood cells (RBC). In the center is a protein called hemoglobin that makes the RBC look kind of like a boat or a donut. When the RBC comes into contact with the lungs the oxygen jumps on board the boat and takes a ride to a cell somewhere in the body.

When an oxygen sits on the RBC your blood is red. When oxygen hops off the RBC your blood has a darker color. Regardless, the oxygen saturation basically is a percentage of these hemoglobin that are saturated with oxygen. So, if I say your sat is 98%, that means that 98% of the RBC boats in your lungs have an oxygen on board.


Your sat is measured by a probe gently and painlessly placed over your finger, or ear, or toe (although usually just a finger will suffice).

What is PO2?


Without going into too much detail, this is the partial pressure of oxygen. In your arteries, which carries oxygenated blood from your lungs to tissues of your body, a normal PO2 is about 100. If this drops to 60 you have hypoxemia, which means low oxygen in the blood.


So as your asthma worsens, your PO2 may decrease. The only way to know what your PO2 is to draw an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG). This is an invasive poke where an RT puts a needle into your radial artery, which runs right along your radial nerve on the thumb side of your wrist.


Thankfully, however, modern wisdom gave us pulse oximeters, because there is a direct link between your PO2 and yoru oxygen saturation. Generally speaking, your SpO2 is 30 higher than your PO2, so if your SpO2 reading is above 90, you know your PO2 is above 60. As your sat drops below 60 you know your PO2 is likewise dropping to significant lows.


(For more detail on this see my post on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.)


Pulse oximeters did not exist until the early 1990s, so those who took care of me when I was a hardluck asthmatic in the 1970s and 1980s were not able to check my oxygen levels. However, a tel-tale sign of low oxygen in the blood is blue lips and fingerstips.


There were many times I had this sign.


So what does this have to do with asthma?


I had an attack in 1998 and I have the results of my blood gases, and back then my PO2 was 64 and my sat was 94. This was still acceptable, yet you can see why my doctors might have been getting worried, especially since nothing was making my asthma better.

In the early stages of asthma, or during a mild asthma attack, your sat will be normal or increased. If you stay calm it will continue to be normal. If you become anxious and hyperventilate (breathe fast) it may actually be higher than normal.

However, as your asthma attack progresses, and your air passages become increasingly narrowed and blocked, even though you are breathing fast and heavy your lungs ability to diffuse oxygen is diminished. It is at this time your sat begins to decline.


Oxygen therapy:




As your asthma becomes even worse, your sat may drop further.

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Monday, April 18, 2011

More ancient asthma remedies

Learn about some more ancient asthma remedies in my recent post at MyAsthmaCentral.com

Check out These Ancient Asthma Remedies

One of the things I like to do in my spare time is go to Google books and peruse through old asthma books. It's interesting to read what doctors used to recommend. In some cases, it's quite horrifying.

Last year I studied Henry Hyde Salter's
remedies from his 1869 book "On Asthma." This year I delved into an 1810 book called, "A Practical Inquiry into Disordered Respiration; Distinguishing the Species of Convulsive Asthma their Causes and Indications of Cure." That mouthful alone is enough to trigger an attack.

You will likewise cringe when you read the following remedies. Yet you must also understand Bree's primitive medical thinking. He believed the "excessive muscular action" that occurs with a disease like asthma is the bodies attempt to get rid of some peccant or irritating matter.

Hence, an asthma attack is the bodies' attempt at purging, or, according to Dictionary.com, "getting rid of something impure or undesirable."

Likewise, Hippocrates believed bad health is caused because of an imbalance of the four
humours: yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. For people to remain healthy, the four humours needed to be balanced.

Another thing to consider is that asthma back then often referred any disease or illness that caused shortness of breath, such as heart failure, bronchitis, etc.

So keep this in mind as you read on.

The following are some remedies you'd have to endure if you were a boy living with asthma in Bree's time:

1. Bathing: Definitely not warm baths, because that may be "hurtful in every species of asthma." Nope. What you would need to do is take a bath in cold water, preferably less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

2. Cathartics: To be blunt, this is medicine to make you poop. Since the lungs aren't able to get rid of the evil, evidence shows that evacuating "a big load of bile" often does.

3. Emetics: To be blunt again, this is medicine to make you vomit. This was believed to be most useful when something in the food just eaten has "excited the paroxism." Some doctors recommend monthly vomiting to prevent asthma, yet many boys back then might have been thankful that Bree didn't recommend that.

4. Diaphoretics: This is medicine that makes you sweat. However, Bree notes the goal is to "promote gentle diaphoresis, but not sweating."

5. Bleeding: You read that right. Ancient Roman physician Galen believed blood was the most dominant humour, and the one in most need of control. Bleeding was believed to relieve inflammation. It was first used for medical practices as far back as 3100 BC in Mesopotamia, and was still being used in the late 19th century.

6. Diuretics: Bree observed patients who let out a "great flow of urine from the kidneys" was observed by many doctors to make breathing easier for many asthmatics. We now know diuretics work great to help patients with heart failure when shortness of breath is caused by fluid in the lungs.

7. Antispasmotics: This would include medicine like opium, ether, valarium, cardamine, tobacco infusion, extract of henbane, fetid gums, alcohol and Belladona. These are medicines that "blunt the senses," according to
Dictionary.com. They also produce "euphoria and stupor."

Opium and ether are the most useful, and are definitely beneficial after emetics or chathartics are uses.

8. Expectorants: These are medicines that help you spit up phlegm or junk from your lungs. Ammoniacs work well, but must be given with opiates. Squills united with vinegar generally work well. Squills combined with henbane and nitric acid work well as both an expectorant and a sedative. Honey and sugar can be used, but aren't so good for asthma. These medicines are good becasue they have a duo effect: removal of "offensive matters" in the stomach, and phlegm from the lungs.

9. Inhaling vapours: He describes how the idea of inhaling various herbs and resinous gums was introduced by Hippocrates. "He used herbs and nitre boiled with vinegar and oil, and directed the vapour of such boiling compositions to be drawn into the lungs through a proper pipe." Frankincence and myrrth were also inhaled, and often mixed with arsenic. Another alternative is to breath the "vapours of hemlock leaves infused in boiling water." Smoking tobacco also works here. He also described how fumigations of an arsenical mineral were done by the ancient Greeks.

10. Oxygen: Now perhaps he was getting somewhere here. Although his use of oxygen was not how we use it today. In one case he describes "oxygen would probably revive pain and inflammation by its stimulating properties. He also notes oxygen may help with both "irritation of phlegm" and with irritated bowels. Oxygen also gives the vessels and the heart more "vigour" in sending blood to the heart.

Perhaps I'm just a nerd, but I really enjoy reading this old stuff. Although much of it could make for good ficiton more so than science.

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Sunday, April 17, 2011

Take the sage route and reverse education

Everyone should seek to be a sage. We must speak seldom and when we do speak we must make good use of our words. We must ask questions and encourage the other person to question himself and do his own research.

If you disiagree with someone, do not put that person on the spot, as this only instigates anger on his part. Educate him by reverse education. Encourage him to question himself and do research.

Have them educate themselves and ask their own questions. Say things like, "Don't just do as I say, look it up!" Or, "Don't take my word for it, look it up for yourself."

If someone says, "FDR was one of the best presidents," and you disagree, don't say, "Fdr was a bad president." That might stir anger. It will stir a natural response, and that is defense.

Instead, state a fact or ask a question. Say, "I sometimes wonder if FDR is such a great President. Unemployment was still high when he left office compared to when he entered."

He'll say, "Is that true?" You say, "Look it up."

The more you try to prove them wrong the angrier and more defiant they become. So lead them to teach themselves. Use reverse education.

Saturday, April 16, 2011

COPD attack, no one around: what can you do?

A patient just asked me: "I have emphysema, and I was lucky that I was with a friend because I had bronchospasms so bad I couldn't talk, and I couldn't help myself. What can I do if this were to happen and no one was around?

My humble answer: The best thing for you to do is ask that same question to your doctor. Although, if I were your doctor, I'd make sure you always have a rescue inhaler on hand so you can at least try to use it. However, I think the best way of dealing with a situation like that is to not let it happen. I think your doctor will make sure you get put on a medicine like Advair or Symbicort and/or spiriva, all of which are proven to improve lung function. On these controller meds you should be able to prevent an attack as you described, and, if you do have an attack, it won't be as severe.

Dr's Creed: Why order SVNs over MDIs


NOTICE TO ALL DOCTORS

Memo: Aerosolized SVNs preferred over MDIs

Date: May 15, 1963

I would like to inform all physicians that magnetic forces inside the walls of all hospitals within the United States make it so aerosolized bronchodilator particles from metered dose inhalers (MDIs) does not make it into the lungs.

Instead, the magnetic force pulls on the aerosolized particles due to the propellant used to make the spray. This kind of makes the aerosolized particles kind of float in the large airways.

To remedy this "problem," bronchodilators should only be given in pure form, and this can only be accomplished with aerosolized medicine via small volume nebulizers (SVNs). Thus, all patients who need bronchodilator therapy while admitted to the hospital should be prescribed the nebulized version even if they are fully capable of using an MDI.

A fortunate side effect of this is it causes respiratory therapists to do more work, and has a tendency to cause RT burnout and apathy. We've decided this is good because if their apathetic and burned out they will be less likely to bother us.

Once the patient is discharged from the hospital the magnetic force no longer has an effect on the MDI spray, and, at least according to most studies performed, the MDI and Aerosolized bronchodilator therapy have a similar efficacy.

Please assure this policy is followed at your facility

Sincerely,

Dr. Al Buterol

Infernal Medicine

Weiners University of Cyanosis

Chairman, PSECOTIC

Physicians (who) Swear Effective Clinical Oxygen Therapy Increases Carbon dioxide


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Friday, April 15, 2011

Hospitals, Doctors Blackmailed by the Government

We have to face the facts, fellow RTs, that one of the main reason we are doing so many non--indicated procedures, and our morale diminished, is because the government is blackmailing hospitals and doctors.

You heard that right. Hospitals are being told by CMS they have a choice whether they want to do something, yet if they don't do it they will not make as much money. Hospitals and doctors, in essence, are being blackmailed.

A perfect example of this is the smoking cessation program. Chances are your hospital board has discussed the smoking cessation program. The choice is this: You do a smoking cessation on a patient you get reimbursed more for that patient, and if you don't do it you get reimbursed less

In my opinion this is not a choice. It's more of a nudge. If you don't do the smoking cessation on a patient, the hospital will get paid less. So the hospital is basically forced to do it. This is blackmail.

CMS actually says it's a choice to make it look good to us, because most of us Americans love to have choices. Yet a true choice would be one of many options, including the option to do nothing. You also have an option to be smart and an option to be stupid. You should not be punished if you decide to be stupid.

So instead of choosing to use common sense, many hospitals are doing smoking cessations on every patient just to cover their bases. This means that even if you don't smoke you will be educated.

Now this isn't so bad, as even people who say they quit smoking are still hanging around people who do smoke. These new ex-smokers are not aware second hand smoke is bad for them. Believe it or not, there still are uneducated people like that. So education on our part is good.

Yet we RTs don't necessarily have time to do smoking cessation on every patient. We barely have time to do the ones that are needed, yet we certainly don't have time to do them on every patient. We are overwhelmed already as it is due to all the order sets and lack of RT Driven protocols at most hospitals.

So you can see how the blackmailing of hospitals to do smoking cessation programs has unintended consequences. It results in burnout and apathy of workers. Yet Administrators don't care so much because in any business, the bottom line is that we get reimbursed, or that we make money.

Another good example is the so called "death panels" as passed by the Obamacare legislation. The death panels really aren't death panels, but they do create a script doctors must follow with each of their patients about discussing end of life care.

Now, a part of me likes this. I think all doctors should discuss with patients what they would want at the end of their life if they are unable to make decisions. If a person has terminal cancer, do you want CPR done on you, and do you want to be kept alive on a ventilator.

I think this is good. And I also it should be up to the doctor to discuss this with a patient. So this is what Obamacare does: it gives doctors a choice. The choice is this: You do end of life care and you get reimbursed for that patient visit. If you don't do end of life care, you still get reimbursed, but you make less money.

So what doctor in his right mind will not do end of life care, and use the government script. In this way, CMS is nudging the doctor to do what an expert sitting in an office in Washington believes is idea. It's blackmail.

Is this choice? Yes! Is it a good choice? No really. It's a nudge. It's forcing us to do it your way. It's blackmail.

A government script is an attempt to convince people that death is imminent and we shouldn't be spending money on you, then the death panel discussion is valid. Now end of life counseling is good, and it should be done on all patients, yet it should not be a mandate by the government.

Likewise, it allows doctors to decide if a 90 year old lady should get a hip replacement, or 100 year old lady a hearing aide. The patient and the family should be deciding if the cost is worth it, not Uncle Sam.

It will, in essence, become nothing more than a screening program to cut out the most expensive years of your grandma's life. It will save the government millions of dollars per year, if not billions. To the government, it's all about saving money. To hospitals, whether they agree with this blackmail or not, it's all about making as much money as they can. So they have no choice but to "COOPERATE!"

One concerned mother asked a famous person in Washington about whether Obamacar would pay for her 100 year old mother to get a hearing aide she wants so bad. The politician answered, "No, no, we gotta start talking quality of life, too, we can't calculate spirit and how much she wants to live. Give her a pill. People like that we should just give 'em a pill."

He later said, "I don't think we can make judgements based on people's spirits." If you are terminally ill, or if you have a bad heart, or if you have the beginnings of a disease like Altzeimers or Parkinsons, your doctor will, by law, have to encourage you to not seek any procedures that will prolong your life.

That means no expensive CPR or breathing machines. That means no expensive life saving medicine. That also means no hip replacements. No nursing homes. No hearing aides. No pacemaker.

Some people, even at 105, have a certain spirit, a certain joy of life, a certain love of live, a high quality of life and they want to do whatever they can to live another day. These people should be able to get the hip replacement, the hearing aide, the pacemaker or whatever.

Will a government in Washington be able to see this spirit, this joy, this quality of life. Or will that government official, that government expert, only see her as a 105 year old burden on society who will die anyway soon so let's not waste our time or money on her.

That government expert will see it as a government shut off at some age, perhaps 75, or 65, or if the cost of healthcare becomes too much of a burden, perhaps even 55 or how about 45? Where does it stop?

Will my mother have to go to the government to get a procedure done? What if it's a lifesaving procedure? By the time the government has an answer it may be too late anyway. This kind of thinking sends chills down my spine. This is America not Cuba.

Since the government's flipping the bill, This sounds Orson Wellish, 1984 type stuff. I never in a million years could have imagined we'd be having this discussion in America.

Now you might say, "well, it's not a mandate." But it is. When the government tells you you won't get paid if you don't do it, then doctors who accept Medicare will have no choice but to do it. Thus, it's mandatory. Either that, or it's blackmail.

Granted, this is not an opinion, it's fact.

What do you think?

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Thursday, April 14, 2011

RT Cave #7 on list of top RT Twitter users

I received an email today informing me of this list that shows the top 8 RT bloggers who also use Twitter.

I think it's neat that I even made this list considering I do this as a hobby to entertain myself and have no alterior motives. I also think it's neat that I am the only blogger on this list not affiliated with a major RT magazine.

This I think is significant, because I'm the only blogger who does not get paid for his efforts, and does not have the backing of anyone else.

I now have 138 followers of my twitter account, and all of those folks (you perhaps) found me, I did not do any recruiting. I guess this means I'm doing something right. It's a neat little nitch I've found.

It's also neat because I pretty much use Twitter as a means to save my favoirite posts I would like to reference in later posts I plan to write. Yet readers -- like you -- have found the articles I put on Twitter useful. So I guess in this way we use Twitter to help each other out.

It's been really busy lately at my work, and I also have an 8 month old who is crawling all over the place, and a two year old who likes to sit on my 8 month old, and I also have a 12 year old who loves to play catch, and a 7 year old demanding attention. So you can see time to sit here at this computer is limited. It's simply a hobby. I do it for fun.

And any success I have here, however minimal, is through hard work and passion on my part. Yet more important, it's because of you.

On a side note, my blog has also hit the 500,000 page click mark. While this is small considering some bloggers get this in a day, it's significant to me considering I'm just a solo RT having a little fun.

Again, I owe all my thanks to you guys.

Thanks.

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Monday, April 11, 2011

Fear of offending others makes us the enablers

When I'm talking with my friends in private, or when I'm writing to you on this blog, I write from my heart. What I write here is truly what I believe. Actually, it's what I would say in the ideal world. It's what I would say if the entire world were like it was portrayed in "The Invention of Lying."

Yet my actions in public, what I say in public, I tend to measure everything I say on the basis of what I thought others would think of it. Of course you know that the one problem about when you do that, the one thing that is inescapable, is you are subordinating yourself to everybody else.

What I am basically doing then is that I am, and what I think, is less consequential, less important, and that I matter less than those other people -- some of whom you have a pretty good idea are wrong. Yet I am afraid to offend other people. I am afraid to make waves. I am afraid of rejection. I am afraid I might say something that will get back to my boss and I will have to face the consequences. I'm afraid I'll offend a coworker or patient. I'm afraid I might have to face questions. I'm afraid more work might be created that I don't want to do. This is a big one, considering most of the work I already do is not necessary.

However, I do this and I know as a fact that if you are more concerned about what some other person thinks of you, or if you worry that they might be offended, or if you're worried about what they might think of what you might do, you are saying you don't think much of yourself -- and that is a prison. And all that does is deny the person in that behavior mode from being who they really are.

When this happens new innovations are never invented, and new ideas are never shared, and nothing new and better ever happens. New ideas are never brought to the table, and therefore nothing bad is ever improved.

Now there is another side of this coin, and that is other people who are so stubborn, who are so afraid to make waves themselves, or who are so unwilling to change, or who don't want to create more work for themselves, or who are so controlling, that they stifle people from voicing what they really think.

You can see how this might cause a dilemma. It prevents people from being who they really are. And when this happens, you know what happens? Morale and a feeling of self worth is diminished, and the only thing that increases is apathy.

Thus, the moment you try to be what you think everyone else wants you to be, you are finished, and you are living a life defined by fear, and fear kills. Fear is a prison. Some people say they don't care what people think, yet I don't believe the people who say that are telling the truth. I think that every person, or at least a majority of us, or at least the ones of us who are normal, we all think about what other people think.

We might not be arrogant and condescending, we might be modest and humble, yet we still care what people think. That's fine. Yet if you stop being who you are, if you stop being yourself and you start being the person you think other poeple want you to be, or what you think other people want you to be, then you are in that prison. You are living a life of fear. And you are enabling the bad behavior of other people.

Many Americans are afraid to discuss new ideas in the arena of ideas, a place where ideas are supposed to be discussed. The result is what we have today in Washington. No problems ever get solved. We have a feeling of hopelessness, or that there is nothing we can do. Yet there is. But we don't do it. We are afraid we might offend.

I think we RTs are like this with doctors. I think a doctor writes a stupid order and we don't say anything because it's easier not to, or because we are afraid of offending a doctor. We are like that with the admins creating order sets that make no sense. We are like that with lack of protocols.

So nothing ever gets changed. In this way, we can't blame doctors and administrators and board officers and government officials for all that is wrong with the medical field, and all that is wrong with society.

We have to place partial blame on ourselves. For all that is wrong with society, we are the enablers who allow this bad behavior to continue. The solution to the problem starts with you and me.

The solution will never come from those who created the problem. The solution will start when you and I quit worrying about what others will think about what we say or do. The solution will start when we unlock the doors to the prison we placed ourselves in, let go of our fears, and open the doors.

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Seek help for bad asthma

So you're having trouble with asthma. You better seek help! Such was the topic of a recent Sharepost at MyAsthmaCentral.com

Dont Waver! Seek help for bad asthma

So you're an asthmatic and your asthma is getting worse. Your rescue medicine isn't working and you feel short-of-breath just sitting there reading this. If that's the case, you need to take action right now. Quit second guessing yourself and seek help -- call your doctor or go to the ER.

Hey, I've been in your shoes before. You are not alone, and not the first asthmatic to waver on what to do.

Before I became a gallant asthmatic there were way too many occasions in the past when my asthma made my breathing miserable, and I kept second guessing myself as to whether or not I should call my doctor (or tell my parents when I was a kid) or have someone take me to the ER.

There have been many times -- in fact more than I can count -- where I was miserable and just stayed home and toughed it out.

In retrospect, staying home and suffering was stupid. The only person I was punishing was myself. In a way, I was playing the role of martyr. This was goofus asthmatic behavior to the extreme.

I can think of many reason why I was hesitent to seek help (perhaps you can relate):

  1. The doctor will think I'm stupid for coming to see him
  2. The doctor will lecture me for letting my asthma get out of control
  3. The doctor will be annoyed that I'm bothering him
  4. The doctor will accuse me of abusing my rescue medicine
  5. I can just tough it out
  6. I can self treat myself with medicines I have at home
  7. My asthma isn't bad enough to need a doctor

When I was really little, another reason for not going to the ER was because I didn't want to bother my parents. Yet that too was foolish. In life, there is little more important than getting air into your lungs. If you've ever been short of breath before, you know exactly what I mean.

If you can't breath, even if it's just mild shortness of breath, do something. Take some form of action. Follow your asthma action plan if you have one. Call your doctor. Go to the emergency room. Do not just stay home and think your asthma will get better. That's a game not worth the risk of playing.

I got lucky all the times I toughed it out -- darn lucky. I never should have thought twice about seeking out help. And the same goes for you or any asthmatic for that matter.

Better yet, you shouldn't even wait until your asthma is bad to start thinking about seeking help. Untreated, asthma can get worse and worse over time. If you can nip it in the bud, you can prevent it from getting worse. If treated early enough, you could probably just see your doctor and he can give you a corticosteroid boost and you can get better at your home.

Yet please don't suffer with uncontrolled asthma.

Here are some reasons you should never be afraid of seeking help:

  1. No one will think you are stupid for seeking help, in fact just the opposite. You will be hailed as a responsible asthmatic -- a gallant asthmatic.

  2. Your doctor will not lecture you because your asthma is acting up. If anything, he will know now how bad your asthma can get so he can properly treat you in the future to get your asthma in better control.

  3. I have never met any medical professional who got mad because an asthmatic came to the doctor's office or ER. In fact, we want you to come in, and the sooner the better. We have seen what happens to asthmatics who wait to long. So we want you to take action as soon as you notice your early warning signs of asthma.

  4. Your doctor may accuse you of abusing your rescue medicine. So what? If you're using it more than prescribed, you should call your doctor anyway. This is one of the first signs your asthma may be getting worse, and you should take action.

  5. Thinking that you can tough it out is a bad idea. In fact, I think that this type of thinking is what results in most asthma related deaths.

  6. If you are thinking your asthma is getting worse, chances are what you have at home is not enough to get you better.

  7. Your asthma does not have to be really bad to seek help. Even if you just think you need help with your asthma you should seek it immediately.

Anytime any asthmatic emails or asks me for advice on what to do for worsening asthma I say the same thing: call your doctor or go to the ER. If I told you to stay home and something happened, I'd never forgive myself.

Believe it or not, I've had asthmatic friends come to me asking me to give them a breathing treatment. When I ask them why they don't just go to the ER, their excuses are eerily similar to the ones I listed above.

With few exceptions, I usually insist they seek the help they really need. If you're going to seek my help and my advice, then I'm going to insist you do something other than waver and hope some miracle is going to happen to make you breathe better.

Look, the moral here is that you should never dink around with your asthma. Work with your doctor on developing an asthma action plan so when you are in such a predicament you know exactly what to do.

And don't think that just because your asthma is fine now that nothing will ever happen. That's one of the problems with asthma is that it can appear to disappear, and then all of us sudden it shows it's ugly head and, if you don't have a plan, you're forced to waver over what you should do.

Wavering in itself can be dangerous, and swift action can prevent worsening asthma.

As a matter of fact, this topic reaches so close to home with me I even wrote a sharepost a while back about it. Based on my own experiences as a patient and as a respiratory therapist, I wrote: Having asthma symptoms? Here's five tips to help you decide what to do.

Look, if you're to the point you have to seek the Internet for advice when to go to the ER, then chances are you should already be on your way. So heed my advice: Do not waver! Seek help if you need it. Get your lungs working better.

Trust me. You will not regret it.

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Sunday, April 10, 2011

The 13 Virtues of Rick Frea

In his autobiography Ben Franklin gave us his 13 subjects he used to make him a better person, as I wrote about here. Basically these subjects were what he used to monitor his course through life in an attempt to make himself a better, more successful person.

Each week he would take one subject and focus on it, and at the end of the day he'd recall all his personal contacts, and conversations, and determine how he did. Sometimes he wouldn't do so well, and he'd make an extra effort to do better.

While Franklin's 13 subjects pretty much pertained to what Franklin needed to do to better his life, I think we can all come up with our own subjects that we need to better our own lives. Sure some might be similar to Franklins, yet since every person is unique, every person should be able to come up with unique subjects to focus on.

So, that in mind, I created my own 13 subjects to better Rick Frea:

  1. Equanimity: Always remain the calmest person in the room, especially under stressful circumstances. Do not show anger when your thoughts are challenged
  2. Taciturn: Speak only what will benefit you and others, and think before you speak.
  3. Prioritize: Put everything in it's proper place. God first, then wife, then other people, and finally other things.
  4. Humility: Read the Bible and pray often, and ALWAYS imitate Jesus
  5. Refrain: Don't go on the defense, it makes you look guilty
  6. Frugality: Always be involved in something useful; waste nothing
  7. Discretion: If you are careful you will not get into situations that require you to be brave.
  8. Restraint: Do not judge. Do not talk bad about others. Do not gossip. Do not complain.
  9. Industry: Always be involved in something useful; do not waste time
  10. Sage: When you must speak, ask questions, encourage the other person to question himself or do research.
  11. Compassion: Always be friendly to everyone, as compassion makes up for flaws
  12. Moderation: Avoid extremes; do not indulge in too much of one thing unless you feel you justly deserve it
  13. Charity: Make sure the needs of everyone are taken care of

Saturday, April 9, 2011

Ventolin now cure for lung itchiness

There are certain things during the course of life that you simply can't make up. As when I was called to the ER today to do a breathing treatment, the doctor stopped me before I entered the room and said, with a smile, "Tonight your Albuterol is going to have some lung scratching components. Can you do that?"

"Sure," I said, "I can put anything in the nebulizer you want?"

He laughed, and said, "The reason I said that is because her lungs are clear, yet she's complaining of itchy lungs."

"Oh, I see," I said, smiling, and entered the patient's room.

"So," I said, "What's your last name?" Of course I knew, I was just being politically correct. And she told me wit a slight giggle. "Are you short of breath?" I said.

"No," she giggled, "My lungs are just feeling a little itchy." Then she added a, "well, I guess."

I worked hard to hold back my laughter. It was hard to take this seriously.

After the treatment I said, "So, are your lungs feeling better?"

"Yeah, they are a little less itchy."

I walked out of the room, and the doctor pulled me aside again. He laughed as he said, "I'm sorry to bother you for this treatment. She's a little short of her other meds I imagine and there's nothing wrong with her.

"I know what you mean," I said. "I believe the little finger nail qualities that are connected to the Albuterol particles got deep down into her lung tissue and scratched and scratched and scratched until the pulmonary itchiness was gone." I said.

"Yeah," he laughed, "And I told her if I give her a breathing treatment and it makes her feel better she can go home. I figured that would be a good incentive for her to get better quickly."

"Well, good news doc. It worked."

I added this to my list of Ventolin Types. We'll call this one Bronchoscratcholin. You can see a list of all the 'olins by clicking here.

Look folks, you can't make this stuff up.


Friday, April 8, 2011

BiPAP is the new IPPB

So I had an IPPB ordered the other day, and this was the first time in a long time. It was the same doctor who still believes in the hypoxic drive hoax. He pretty much believes everything the media chants.

So, BiPAP is the new IPPB. While IBBB is seldom ordered now (it basically just overinflates the good alveoli according to most studies), BiPAP seems to have taken its place. Now obviously there are many wonderful uses for BiPAP, and it's prevented many patients from being placed on a vent, yet it is often abused just like any other medical therapy.

Just the other day I was called STAT to ER to set up a BiPAP. I said, "The patient is breathing fine."

"Yes," the doctor said, "but I want to get her blood pressure up."

"What?"

"I want to get her blood pressure up."

"What?"

"I... just set up the BiPAP." She rolled her eyes and left the room.

I said, "Well, all it's gonna do is make him agitated."

"Good," the doctor said as she trudged off, "I want her to become agitated. I want her blood pressure up."

"I might as well intubate her and do an ABG with the largest needle I can find if that's all you want to do," I mumbled under my hot breath. "What a waste of my time and the governments (our) money. What a waste!!"

And you wonder why there is so much apathy on the part of RTs.

Thursday, April 7, 2011

Interstitial Lung Disease

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) consists of a variety of diseases that cause a "progressive scarring of lung tissue" that ultimately leads to difficulty breathing, low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxemia). Regardless of the cause, lung scarring is irreversible.

Some diseases that fit under this category are:
  1. Interstitial pneumonitis (UIP),
  2. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP),
  3. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), and
  4. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP).
  5. Pulmonary Fibrosis
  6. Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD)
  7. Asbestosis
  8. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis
  9. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease
  10. Familial pulmonary fibrosis
The Mayo Clinic ILD is caused when "the walls of the air sacs may become inflamed, and the tissue (interstitium) that lines and supports the sacs becomes increasingly thickened and scarred. Normally, the air sacs are highly elastic, expanding and contracting like small balloons with each breath. But scarring (fibrosis) causes the thin, interstitial tissue to become stiffer and thicker, making the air sacs less flexible. Instead of being soft and elastic, scarred air sacs have the texture of a stiff sponge, which makes it more difficult to breathe and harder for oxygen to enter your bloodstream through the thickened walls."

So what causes ILD. Generally, something occurs in your lungs that causes an abnormal healing response that results in this permanent scarring. Normally your body will do a good job of repairing damaged tissue, but with ILD the healing process goes "awry," according to the Mayo Clinic, "producing excess scar tissue that increasingly interferes with lung function."

Finding the exact cause can be difficult because there are so many things that can cause ILD. Usually diagnosis is made by a good question and answer session. Possible causes include:
  1. Occupational Hazard: Workers who inhale certain chemicals over a long period of time, such as silica, dust, asbestos fibers, or hard metal dust.
  2. Pollutants: Inhaling some pollutants over a long period of time. This may actually be very difficult to diagnose.
  3. Infections: The healing process as a result of bacterial or viral infections, especially in those with weakened or underdeveloped immune responses, which would include newborn infants. Such infections include pneumonia, fungal infections, histoplasmosis, and parasitic infections.
  4. Radiation: Exposure from radioactive therapy for breast or lung cancer long term can cause damage to the lungs.
  5. Drugs: Chemotherapy drugs, meds used to treat heart arrhythmias, and some antibiotics.
  6. Other lung disorders: Lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Sjogren's syndrome and sarcoidosis all can result in ILD. Some researchers think that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also cause ILD and asthma because the acid can destroy lung tissue.
  7. Oxygen: Inhaling greater than 40% oxygen over for a period greater than three hours.
  8. Idiopathic: If the source is unknown, the diagnosis is often idiopathic ILD or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Another similar disease is interstitial pneumonitic, which is often called idiopathic ILD or fibrosis, where the ILD develops not throughout the lung but in patches. These patients will have some normal parts of the lung and some scarred parts of the lung.
  9. Smoking: Does not directly cause ILD, but can increase progression and make the disease worse.
  10. Genetics: Familial pulmonary fibrosis is one type that runs in the family. The gene has not yet been identified.
  11. Age: It usually occurs in adults over 50, although there are some exceptions.
Over time inhaled oxygen is able to make it into the lungs, yet become unable to cross the membrane between the alveolar sacs and the arterioles. Thus, this causes shunting that results in a lowered saturation.

Because the lungs become stiff, this results in pulmonary hypertension as a result of the right heart having to work extra hard to pump blood through the lungs. This often results in right heart failure in later stages, and ultimately to left heart failure. Left heart failure, or an enlarged heart, is often a key finding to diagnose late stage lung disease.

The final complication is respiratory failure.

Diagnosis can be made by any of the following:
  1. X-ray
  2. CT
  3. High resolution computerized tomography
  4. Pulmonary function testing
  5. Bronchoscopy
  6. Bronchiolar lavage
  7. Video assisted thoroscopic surgery
Generally treatment is supportive. You'll first want to make sure the person is no longer exposed to the causative agent. Second you'll want those who smoke to quit.

Treatment include:
  1. Corticosteroids: These help some with ILD, although the side effects of these are generally greater than the benefits. Therefore Corticosteroids should not be used long term.
  2. Mucomyst: This can help break up thick secretions and make it easier to cough up junk.
  3. Anti-fibrotics: These drugs can help reduce the development of scar tissue. Penicillamine, colchicine and interferon gamma-1b are presently in the testing phase and have shown some efficacy in treating ILD.
  4. Oxygen therapy: Most patients with ILD will eventually need supplemental oxygen, and usually this is required 24 hours for the duration.
  5. Pulmonary Rehabilitation: This is a program to help the patient stay physically fit in order to live normal active lives. While this does not improve lung function, it is essential.
  6. Lung Transplantation: May be an option for severe or end stage cases.
  7. Diet: The patient will want to eat a healthy diet, and not to eat too much because this can cause the diaphragm to push up against the lungs. It's also recommended not to drink carbonated beverages for the same reason.
  8. BiPAP: A mask worn over mouth and nose that assists with inhalation and helps to keep the alveolar sacs open and improve oxygenation. This is generally worn while sleeping and is generally reserved for those with progressive disease.
  9. Anti-anxiety meds: As the disease progresses, it may cause anxiety. This can be treated with medicines like Ativan and Xanax.
Life changes are are almost forced upon these patients. They more than likely will have to stop smoking if they smoke, change careers or even quit work altogether. They will also no longer be able to participate in certain events, such as going places where people smoke, adjust to wearing oxygen all the time, and cope with progressive dyspnea (feeling of air hunger) either with exertion or ultimately at rest.

A typical complication is anxiety as being forced to change the way you live can be very daunting. Although working with your doctor, being honest about your feelings, and maintaining a good and positive relationship with God can often be very helpful in dealing with this side effect of any lung disease.

Another key to dealing with anxiety is by participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation group, finding other friends with the same disease, joining online support groups, learning as much as possible about the disease, and being honest about feelings.

Wednesday, April 6, 2011

No more T-Piece

Remember how we used to hook up intubated patients to a t-piece connected to wide bore tubing and an oxygen source to see if a patient was ready to be weaned? Well T-piece no more.


Most microprosessor ventilators allow for you to place the patient in CPAP, and with minimal pressure support to make up for the resistance of the narrow tubing, you can allow the patient to spontaneously breathe, while also having the advantage of alarms to warn you if the patient stops breathing, or is breathing too fast, or otherwise is pooping out.


Our protocol recommends that we use a pressure support of 5 for ETT less than 8, and 0 for ETT greater than 8 during our spontaneous breathing trials (SBT). T-pieces are no longer recommended and rarely used.


Our anesthesiologists still, on occasion, use T-Pieces to make sure a patient is ready to be extubated. That is the only place T-Pieces are still used at Shoreline Medical.


Does your hospital still use T-Pieces to wean?

Tuesday, April 5, 2011

Should I stop exercising with mild asthma

The following is a question and answer session from over at MyAsthmaCentral.com I thought you might be interested in:

Your question: My daughter has "mild" asthma and has been working out at a gym. But after working out for a few days she has more tightness and asthma symptoms. This has happened twice (trying different gyms). Her asthma is do to allergies. Have any suggestions?

My humble answer: She might want to back off from the heavy workouts until she works with her doctor and gets her asthma under control. Thankfully there are some really good asthma medicines that allow most asthmatics to obtain control quite easily. I wrote a post on how to gain control of your asthma here.

On a side note here, exercise is very important for asthmatics. It may actually prevent asthma from getting worse. It makes the heart and lungs stronger. So it may actually be a fine balancing act for a while.

Still, once her asthma is controlled, she should be able to do pretty much any exercise. I know, because I used to have a similar problem. Now I'm able to workout and run at will.

Good luck

Rick

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Sunday, April 3, 2011

Virtues of the family

Every family unit can benefit by following the virtues I have listed here:

1. Compassion: Have sympathy by those stricken by misfortune

2. Kindness: Be friendly

3. Humility: Know you are not better than any one else

4. Gentleness: Kindly and respectful in your approach and touch

5. Patience: Give people time to come together, especially when you don't see eye to eye.

6. Tolerance: This is key when you have a complaint against another

7. Forgiveness: Don't hold grudges. You have been forgiven many times. No one is perfect.

8. Love: Add this to all the above, as it binds everything together in perfect unity

9. Peacefulness: Try to be as one body

10. Thankful: Appreciate everything you have obtained in life. Be thankful for Christ's message with all its richness must live in your hearts.

11. Teacher: Instruct one another with all wisdom.

12. Praise: Sing, read and worship the Lord with Thanksgiving in your heart. Everything you do or say, then, should be done in the name of the Lord Jesus, as you give thanks through him to God the Father.

The above list is not one I made up. I obtained this wisdom from the Bible (Collossions (3: 12-17)

(My definition of family coming July 24, 2011)

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Saturday, April 2, 2011

Chronic Nursing Home Syndrome

If you've worked in a hospital, and definitely if you've worked in a nursing home, then you've taken care of the dreaded and irritable patient with Nursing Home Syndrome.

Yep, you know who I'm referring to here. They are the patient who has spend so much time in a bed, and has been taken care of for so long, that they lose touch with the emotion of empathy. They become oblivious to the feelings of other people. All that matters is number one: me-me-me-me-me.

You walk into the room to give a breathing treatment, and the whole time you're in the room they have a bunch of chores for you to do: pick up my foot, put it on the pillow. No, not like that. Yes. Yes that's good. Now dear, can you rub the lower part of my back, I have the slightest itch... and can you get me my water.. no, you'll have to put the straw to my lips... yes, that's good, now can you put a pillow under my right leg. Yeah.. that's right. Just like that.... I have a headache. I need my pain medicine... My...

By now your treatment is done and you high tail it out of there. You don't even bother asking her if there's anything else you can do for her, because the last time you did that you were in the room another 20 minutes assisting the nurse with a bath.


Yet this is where we notice one of the advantages of being an RT as opposed to an RN: when you're an RT you can leave when you're done. RNs have to stay in the unit and listen to her wails of ,"Nurse! Nurse! Oh, nurse!" every time the nurse sits down.

If I haven't described this patient well enough, allow me to provide you with some other signs and symptoms of CNHS.

They are worse than clock watchers. They usually call you 30 minutes, or maybe a whole hour, before the treatment is due and say something like, "I was coughing. I need a treatment now." You have to resist the temptation to say something like, "Look! You can't have a treatment every time you cough."

Well, if you can resist that temptation you're better than me.

Then you leave the room and sit down to chart, and you hear her fake coughing again, "Hack! Hack! Hack! Hack! I NEED ANOTHER TREATMENT RIGHT NOW!"

"I'm sorry ma'am, but you can't have a treatment every time you cough!"

"Well why not!" She wails. "I need a treatment."

"Are you short of breath. Maybe we need to call the doctor."

"No, I'm not short of breath. I'm coughing."

So you leave the room, sit down to chart again, and you hear: "Nurse! Nurse!"

"I'll deal with her," you say as you notice the nurse rolling her eyes and not budging. You see, you have sympathy for that nurse, whose been in that room a gazillion times. "Should I shut her up while I'm in there?" You mumble out of the corner of your mouth. The edges of the nurses lips curl up slightly.

"My head hurts," the patient says as you re-enter her room.

"Can she have pain meds," you shout out to the nurse.

"She... just... had... some...," the nurse says out loud in a sarcastic, vexed tone (not at you, but at the patient.)

"Nope! You just had some. You need to relax. You need to find something to do," you say to the patient.

You see, these patients want sympathy. They want you weigh on them hand and foot -- literally. Every little tinge of pain is SEVERE because they want medications to help them relax. They want to feel coddled. They want to be doted. And they can never be doted enough.

The cure for CNHS is to ignore them. I know that sounds bad, but it's true. Yet in this world of sue happy patient's families, and money happy hospitals and nursing homes, and hard working nurses and RTs, it's hard to ignore them. So they result in long, burning feet days for anyone taking care of them.

It's patients like this who cause RT and RN burnout, apathy, and irritation. They are the reason we become blunt. The next time an RN or RT takes care of you in a hospital, and he's blunt with you, or maybe even looks a little irritable, think CNHS.

Friday, April 1, 2011

New Medicine believed to be cure for respiratory tract ailments

Modern asthma medicine has immensely improved over the past 20 years, and this has allowed many asthmatics -- myself included -- a chance to live a normal life. Yet when it comes to allergies, not many advances have been made. This new medicine is supposed to cure both.

A relatively new, family owned pharmaceutical company called Pharmaco International, which is located in Muskegon, Michigan, has come up with a formula it says can be mixed with a propellant and inhaled to prevent inflammation caused by an abnormal response to common allergens and other asthma triggers. The medicine has two functions:

  1. It blocks the release of inflammatory markers that cause the asthma and allergy response

  2. It creates a steady release of the hormone cortisol which helps reduce inflammation

This new medicine will have a Generic name Allerguterol and the Brand name by Pharmaco will be Allergaway. Pharmaco scientists have been having trouble finding the right chemical composition for pill form, however as a spray, or as an inhaler, the medicine works.

Because it comes in inhaler form, it will have to be used prior to exposure to allergens or asthma triggers. So, chances are most asthmatics will have to use the medicine daily, and for many of us more than once per day. This may be burdensom, yet perhaps worthwhile if the medicine works out as expected.

The FDA has not yet been presented with papers for approval Other diseases the medicine is believed to cure are:


  • Arthritis

  • Eczema

  • Nasal allergies

  • Pneumonia

  • Acute Bronchitis

  • Bronchiolitis

  • Sinusitis

  • More
Of course it is April Fools, so I might just be pulling your leg!

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