Sunday, February 28, 2010

How to deal with arrogant, all knowing physicians, and why progress is slow in respiratory departments

The following is a comment and my humble response regarding this post, where I wrote that breathing treatments do not work for CHF. I don't do this often, yet I felt this was worthy of its own post.

Your Comment: I look forward to your post about pneumonia and bronchodilators. I've had this discussion with several doctors and nurses. In fact, one nurse wrote me up when I told him that there was no indication to use Albuterol in pneumonia.

My humble response: I've had the same discussion with doctors and nurses. There's really nothing you can do when so many people choose to deny the facts.

Always know that the #1 sign of arrogance, elitism, ignorance and denial is to belittle the messengers of the truth. I can think of many examples, but you can find your own just by studying Hitler, Stalin and Castro. Anyone who disagrees with those folks was killed or imprisoned.

I agree with the Founding Fathers that it is only on the battlefield of ideas that the best ones can be recognized and ultimately prevail. Only those afraid of the truth seek to silence debate, and intimidate those with whom they disagree. This explains why RTs are criticized when they go verbal with the facts about breathing treatments.

On the contrary, Those who know they are right have no reason to stifle debate because they realize that all opposing arguments will ultimately be overcome by fact.

Yet those who champion breathing treatments for all that wheezes, for all that is short of breath, do not seem to understand that. If science is on their side, then why should they care who's against them? "The debate is over!" is a line that's used only by those who realize they would never win a debate.

In the end, it's not the debate itself, but those preventing it that are the truly ignorant. Honest listening and, more important, honest questioning is the foundation of the American experiment. We must listen to each other with renewed ears and speak out with passion, while also recognizing the difference between anger and truth.

That's why some doctors and nurses talk about RTs who state the facts as "lazy" and "trying to get out of work." Most doctors aren't this way, but the fact that some are scares us all into submission. It's kind of a do-you-want-to-take-the-chance kind of a situation.

I believe, however, that the fear of write-ups, of rocking the boat, and the desire to be politically correct and to "keep the peace" is exactly why we are in this mess in the first place. Too many times we RTs do the treatment not because it's needed, but because that's easier than confronting the ignorant. I know that sounds harsh, but it's the truth.

And I'm the same way. You'll rarely hear me saying to a doctor, "That's not a wheeze, it's stridor," or, "What good is a treatment going to do for inflammation of the alveoli, which is what pneumonia is." Because when I did use those words to question a doctor's order, the doctor and nurse got angry.

It's easier to just do the treatment and go back to the RT Cave. It's easier to just do the job they want you to do, go home and collect that pay check. It's easier to just go along. Your life will be so much easier if you just go along.

There's no controversy in agreeing with everyone, and not confronting ignorance and complacency. Because you're non-confrontational, You will have more friends as doctors and nurses will pretend to like you. It's easier, but is it really the right thing? Well, in a hire at will fire at will society, it is I guess.

This explains why RT bosses and admins tell us they understand during our monthly department meetings, and on occasion they accept one of our protocol ideas and vow to run it by the physicians, and when the pressure from "busy-don't-want-to be -bothered", "don't-want-to-give-up-autonomy", "don't-want-to-give-up-power" doctors rises, they back down and the protocol goes down with the rocked ship.

Yet, so long as you are polite and professional in your approach to educating doctors, you shouldn't need to worry about a write-up. Sometimes they can be good. Sometimes that's how the powers that be become aware of problems, and the seeds to solving the problem are planted.

Any RT who stands up and professionally approaches ignorance should be heralded. Many people resist change, even change that is based on facts and scientific data and common sense. They hate it. They would rather hold on to old fallacies. These people need to be confronted. They are resisting progress, and need to be held accountable.

So continue to be yourself, be careful as to know who you are confronting, and know when it's a good idea to back off and shut your mouth. It's also a good idea to know if you can trust your boss to back you up. That's the nice thing about my boss, so long as I'm not "complaining," he will always back me up, and my fellow RTs too.

However, unless you work for an elite teaching hospital where there are student physicians and Interns standing next to you while you're assessing a patient for an un-indicated breathing treatment, progress will be slow. So be patient, and keep up the good, peaceful fight.

How to deal with arrogant, all knowing doctors

Saturday, February 27, 2010

Q4ever treatments are the easy out for some docs

Where I work breathing treatments are ordered Q4ever. Well, not all of them are Q4, but doctors here never write for how long they want the treatment to be given, and most of the time they never write to discontinue therapy regardless of progress of the patient.

Sometimes therapies are discontinued after RT request, but even these requests often go unheeded. Why is this?

According to "Egan's Fundamental's of Respiratory Care," JCAHO standards recommend that all orders must specify the type of medicine, frequency, and duration of treatment."

Where I work JCAHO has been fired, and ISO has been hired. ISO is an organization that allows businesses to write their own rules and regulations, and it makes sure the hospital follows the rules and regulations it sets for itself. I'm sure it's more complicated than that, but that's the jist of it.

I don't know why JCAHO was fired (I call it fired), but from other RTs I have heard a lot of bad things about JCAHO. ISO, however, isn't necessarily any better. Except, from what I see here, it doesn't set regulations such as making it mandatory to write an order for duration of therapy.

The result of this is Q4-ever treatments on everyone.

I know some hospitals I used to work for had a standard protocol to put a sticker on the chart where the RT would recommend the treatment be renewed or that it was no longer needed, and the doctor could respond to this to make sure un-needed procedures were stopped.

Egan's also recommends that the doctor specify the goals and objectives of therapy. I imagine our hospital switched to ISO because the admins here, perhaps, are aware that there really is no purpose to most breathing treatments.

In fact, Egans states, "Unfortunately, adding goals and objectives to the respiratory care order does not assure that the therapy is needed. To be cost effective, all therapy must be justified and discontinued when no longer needed."

For some reason, the admins at Shoreline medical don't care that un-needed therapies are given. This seems to be a trend across the board for RT departments across the nation.

I have a pretty good feeling the reason for this is the desire to keep the procedure count up in our department to justify having RTs here.

If that's not the reason, then I'm am baffled.

Friday, February 26, 2010

Dr's.Creed: Nonrespiratory disorders treatable with b2 agonists

Warning: What follows is top secret information surreptitiously leaked to me via one of the nations elite pulmonologists from an elite teaching hospital. Read at your own risk. This is not edited, yet explains the reason for needless bronchodilator for patients with no respiratory disorders.


Page87
Section B8
Providing a resolution for disorders not associated with the respiratory tract often poses a problem for the physician unwilling to succumb to the rational theories of the the preposterous type. Now we know what follows may go against "rational" thought, yet when in doubt beta agents work to treat just about any bodily disorder or disease process.
Basically when all else fails, give a bronchodilator breathing treatment. If that isn't sufficient enough to reverse the process, don't be afraid to administer 2.5mg Albuterol X 10 into the IV with 30cc/kg normal saline run at a slow rate.
The following are disease processes, and our recommended solution:
  1. Dehydration: When all else fails give Bronchodilator Rehydratolin. It's a fluid after all
  2. Headache: When all else fails give Bronchodilator Migrainex. It's known to ease pain and suffering because it makes patients think we are actually doing something. It's Hopeolin. It also increases blood flow and binds with seratonin to altering it's ability to bind with certain receptors near effected neurons outside the cranium.
  3. Diarrhea: You've tried everything, so now it's time to try to reach the beta 2 receptors in the bowel. It's time to give Bronchodilator Antirunnypooputerol. So Ventolin hydrates, it dehydrates too. It's normal saline properties absorbs fluid from the digestive tract to ease that poopy feeling.
  4. Priapism: Again, give Q4-ever penile blood sucking Ventolin juices to soften the penile blood barrier and, thus, causing blood to re-enter the systemic circulation. That's right, as a last resort, give bronchodilator unstiffen.
  5. Any Cancer: So you've tried everything, it's time to start the bronchodilator melaNOmolin regime you've tried for every other illness. Bronchodilator properties are known to break up unwanted tissue, at which time it is absorbed by Ventolin particles in the blood stream, screened by renal tissue, and excreted out the urethra. Note: see #6 below. It's important here to keep the renal system in tip top shape
  6. Renal failure: While this is a far shot, and the reason it's a last ditch effort. However, given the seriousness of Renal failure, antitoxuterol should be trialed -- at least trialed. A reaction there revives dying cells and regenerates cell growth in necrotic renal tissue so the kidney is provided new life, and is able to filter wastes, produce urine and maintain fluid balances. Without this bronchodilator, renal tissue death will result in loss of the ability to filter toxins in the body, which can affect the blood, brain and heart, as well as other complications. Renal failure is very serious and even deadly if left untreated, so make sure you keep Ventolin on hand for such emergencies. May be alternated with Keepmealiveolin. Note: Do not give to DNR patients, as it may delay the inevitable.
  7. Old age: Telemereuterol is a bronchodilator that can be used to block the countdown clock called the telomere from causing cells to die or result in cancer. The telemere is, a region of repetitive DNA at the end of each chromosome. Each time the cells divide a part of the telomere is lost. When enough telomere is gone the division starts cutting into the chromosome itself. Important genetic information is lost and the cell dies. When enough cells die, you age and die. On the down side, when cells ignore the loss of the telemeres and don't die, they become cancerous and you die. Biologists feel that this telemere countdown is a tradeoff between aging and cancer. Telemeruterol, thus, prevents aging and cancer.
  8. Wrinkles: So your patient wants recommendations to get rid of the lines of aging. After you've tried more conventional methods, it's time to try Anti-wrinkle-uterol. After it dilates already dilated bronchioles, it will proceed to settle just under the epidermis and forms a glycerin-like substance when it binds with dermal B2 receptors, thus smoothing the skin.
  9. Gray Hair: Our hair becomes gray because pigment cells in follicles at the base of our hair stop producing melanin. So, if your patient gets tired of using dye's all the time, have them blow Melaninolin mists over their hair. This will settle into the hair, absorb down to these follicles, and bind with beta receptors just under the epidermis. Here, a chemical reaction over time causes melaninolin, which stimulates the increased production of melanin.
  10. Balding: Androgenetic alopecia-uterol is a bronchodilator that can be dried and sprinkled on the balding spot on your head if your patient desperate for a far fetched way to end the loss of hair and generate new growth. You can also try anti-Dihydrotestosteronentolin, which stops Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a byproduct of testosterone from striking unsuspecting hair follicles which causes new hairs to become shorter and shorter. These ventolin agents can, over a period of 8-100 years, stop hair loss and regenerate new hair. Recommended regime is Q4-ever. Note: If given over a period of 50+ years, and close to the time of death, hair will continue to grow up to 30 years post-mortem.
  11. Insomnia: Bronchodilator Circraniumuterol. It's soporific drone will put anyone to sleep.
  12. Lethargic: Bronchodilator Revivolin causes an adrenergic response that will rivive anyone eventually.
  13. Ulcer: H-KillPyloriex is an h-pylori killer. However, whether or not this medicine actually can survive in the low pH (high acidity content) of the stomach remains controversial.
  14. Acne: Antipustuterol is the agent of choice when other options are used up. Absorbed in the lungs, to the blood stream, and settling on the hair follicles, it causes a reduction of follicular papules. This use of Ventolin products plays along with it's anti-inflammatory ability.
  15. Anemia: Anaemihemuterol doesn't necessarily increase the blood supply, however if you're desperate for something unproven, it has been theorized that Ventolin doubles the binding power of Hemoglobin, thus producing Hemoglobin molecules that appear to be on steroids, and are able to hold twice as many oxygen molecules. This is a far fetched unproven theory, yet when you're desperate we make RTs do some crazy things.
  16. Mycardial infarction: Along with treating cardiac wheezes, Balloonolin binds to fake beta adrenergic receptors along the coronary arteries and dilate blocked sections. This is a also a great prophylactic therapy for any patient with coronary artery disease, heart failure, PE, DIC or similar ailment Works well in conjunction with Heparinuterol.
  17. Bowel obstruction: Balloonolin is useful here too, in that it can dilate the obstructed part of the bowel. Once dilated, Absorbolin (also used to treat pneumonia, pleural effusions, pulmonary edema and pulmonary embolism) is inserted through a scope over the obstruction, and the obstruction is absorbed. This is a good alternative when surgery is not an option.*
  18. Necrotic Bowel: Bronchodilator Revivolin is poured over the necrotic section, and the adrenergic response causes the dead tissue to regenerate*.
*Note: Of course we prefer to do surgery because that fills our wallets better, so be especially certain to be furtive with this awesome new therapy. and -- for God's sake -- don't allow this to be leaked to the public.


This is an ongoing list that will be added to as we obtain more information from our undercover physician agent.

Thursday, February 25, 2010

Check out what your COPD, Asthma meds cost

Ever wonder what aerosolized medicine cost. The following facts were obtained from the recent AARC "Guidelines to Aerosolized Medications."





  1. Albuterol MDI HFA:
    $30.18 (generic)
    $37.63 - $39.61 (brand name)
  2. Albuterol SVN:
    $15.00 for 20 mL bottle of 0.5%; $0.38 per 0.5 mL (usual dose)
    $18.99 for 25 3-mL vials of 0.083%; $0.76/vial
  3. Pirbuterol:
    $94.76 MDI (400 actuations); $0.24/puff
  4. Levalbuterol MDI HFA:
    $48.99 (200 actuations); $0.24/puff
  5. Levalbuterol SVN:
    $79.50 for 24 vials (0.31mg/3mL); $3.31/vial
    $70.84 for 24 vials (0.63mg/3mL); $2.95/vial
    $71.25 for 24 vials (1.25mg/3mL); $2.97/vial
  6. Ipratropium MDI HFA:
    $81.75 (200 actuations); $0.41/puff
  7. Ipatropium SVN:
    $77.32 for 25 vials (0.02% in 2.5mL); $3.09/vial
  8. Ipratropium & albuterol CFC MDI:
    $91.99 (200 actuations); $0.46/puff
  9. Ipatropium SVN:
    $123.73 for 60 3-mL vials; $2.06/vial
  10. Salmeterol DPI discus:
    $111.94 for 60 doses; $1.87/dose
  11. Formoterol DPI aerosolizer:
    $108.17 for 60 capsules; $1.80/capsule
  12. Tiotropium DPI handhaler:
    $129.55 for 30 capsules; $4.32/capsule
  13. Beclomethasone MDI HFA:
    $60.84 40 mcg/puff (100 actuations); $0.61/puff
    $73.57 80 mcg/puff (100 actuations); $0.74/puff
  14. Triamcinolone MDI CFC:
    $105.99 100 mcg/puff (240 actuations); $0.44/puff
  15. Flunisolide MDI CFC:
    $77.55 250 mcg/puff (100 actuations); $0.78/puff
    HFA-MDI (Available in 2007)
  16. Fluticasone HFA-MDI:
    $78.24 44 mcg/puff (120 actuations); $0.65/puff
    $104.74 110 mcg/puff (120 actuations); $0.87/puff
    $170.82 220 mcg/puff (120 actuations); $1.42/puff
  17. Budesonide SVN:
    $149.35 for 30 vials of 0.25 mg/2 mL; $4.98/vial
    $165.80 for 30 vials of 0.5 mg/2 mL; $5.53/vial
  18. DPI (Turbuhaler):
    $152.56 (200 inhalations); $0.76/dose
  19. Mometasone DPI (Twisthaler):
    $143.62 (120 doses); $1.20/dose
  20. fluticasone/salmeterol DPI (Diskus):
    $146.47 for 100/50 mcg/dose (60 inhalations); $2.44/inhalation
    $166.99 for 250/50 mcg/dose (60 inhalations); $2.82/inhalation
    $229.87 for 500/50 mcg/dose (60 inhalations); $3.83/inhalation
  21. Budesonide/formoterol DPI (Turbuhaler):
    (Available in 2007)
  22. Cromolyn CFC-MDI:
    $107.89 (200 actuations); $0.54/puff
    $71.28 (112 actuations); $0.64/puff
  23. Cromolyn SVN:
    $46.61 for 60 vials (20 mg/2mL); $0.78/vial
  24. Nedocromil CFC-MDI:
    $81.43 (104 actuations); $0.78/puff
  25. Acetylcysteine SVN:
    $7.99 for 10 ml vial of 10% Solution
    $14.99 for 10 ml vial of 20% Solution
    $7.99 for 10 ml vial of 20% Solution
  26. Dornase alfa SVN:
    $1,589.32 for 30 2.5-mL vials; $52.98/vial
  27. Tobramycin SVN:
    $3,391.92 for 56 5-mL vials; $60.57/vial



Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Your RT querries

Every so often I check my statcounter to see who's typing things into Google or Yahoo and being linked to my RT Cave blog. Assuming the queries were not answered, I provide in this spot each week my humble responses.And, hey, if the query is comical, it deserves a comical response. If it's serious, I treat it as serious. That in mind, here are this weeks queries:

1. is chf an indication for albuterol: The only indicatin for albuterol is bronchospasm. CHF is fluid in the lungs, and it causes an upper airway wheeze that is audible, and often presents as bronchospasm. The wheeze is caused because the increased pressure and fluid in the lungs are squeezing the bronchioles. Albuterol will not help CHF patients. Plus, if you read the insert for Albuterol you will see that it says for use for COPD and asthma patients only. However, according to a lot of doctors and nurses, chf is an indication for albuterol. Go figure.

2. how to set up a ventilator: If you can tie your shoe you can set up a ventilator. The only reason we put all those buttons and all those graphics up there is to scare nurses and doctors away.

3. can copd affect a patient post-op: Yes iti can. If you have compromised lungs, you have an increased risk of respiratory complications following surgery. Likewise, many COPD patients have cor pulmonale which means the heart is working extra hard already. It may sometimes take these patients longer to recover from anesthetics, and they often will need to be on a ventilator 24-48 hours.

4. carbon dioxide retainers do not give 100% oxygen: If you have someone who needs oxygen you must provide them oxygen. You will want to maintain an SpO2 over 88% on every patient regardless of disease. If the patient stops breathing due to the increased oxygen, then you should intubate and ventilate those patients. If you allow a patient to go without oxygen, that patient is at grave risk for cardiac complications and death. Do not withold oxygen due to the hypoxic drive fallacy. However, you should also discus this with the physician and do what he says.

5. beer asthma: Beer causes you rlungs to dry out. Plus there are posible asthma triggers in beer. It is recommended if you drink you do so in moderation.

6. tremors and copd: Many COPD patients have tremors. It's not necessarily due to the disease but a result of the treatments used to treat COPD. Both corticosteroids and bronchodilators have tremors as a side effect.

7. ventolin for smokers: If you are to the point you smoke and need ventolin, then please stop smoking. While you cannot undo the damage already caused from smoking, you can slow down the progression of your lung disease.

8. how to fake pneumonia: You cannot fake pneumonia. However, to justify a stay in the hospital, I have seen doctors write pneumonia as the diagnosis for the stay. That way the insurance will pay. I've never had a doctor admit this, but I have seen pneumonia as the diagnosis many times with normal x-ray, normal labs, etc.

9. indications of albuterol with pneumonia: Albuterol is only indicated for bronchospasm. If the pneumonia is causing bronchospasm (as in COPD and asthma) then it is indicated, otherwise it is of no use for pneumonia. I will write a post about this soon, so stay tuned.

10. how would you like to die drowning: Quite frankly I wouldn't. Yet, I do know I can't breathe under water.

If you disagree or agree with my opinion feel free to leave a comment below, as we are all entitled to an opinion. If you have further comments or questions, feel free to write it below or email me.

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

What's the difference between Albuterol and Atrovent?

Every day at MyAsthmaCentral.com we get lots of asthma related questions. Below are some questions I thought my readers at the RT Cave would enjoy.

Question: What is the difference between Ventolin and Atrovent? I have been getting jittery when using Advair, Prednisone, Theophylline and Ventolin, and my doctor says Atrovent may help instead of Ventolin

My humble answer: With all those meds, it sounds like you have hardluck asthma.

The problem is, every one of those medicines you're on can cause the jitters. That's the thing with asthma is you have to balance the advantages of taking asthma meds with the disadvantages. And sometimes we asthmatics, while we're trying to get our asthma under control, have to put up with side effects -- mainly the jitters.

The thing about Ventolin, as I'm sure you know, is it gives you immediate relief you can feel, and that's why it's called a rescue medicine. Atrovent can open your airways too, but its effects are generally mild and may take longer than Ventolin. While Atrovent is generally not recommended by the asthma guidelines as a frontline medicine for most asthmatics, it has proven beneficial for some. So you should try it and see if it works for you. But Keep your Ventolin on hand just in case you need it.

Here's some information about Ventolin and Atrovent:

Ventolin is a beta adrenergic medicine. It is a medicine that attaches to beta 2 receptors that are on the muscles that surround the air passages in your lungs (bronchioles) and cause the air passages to relax. It can rapidly open up your lungs making it easier to breathe. It is considered a front line medicine for treating acute asthma symptoms.

Atrovent is an anticholinergic medicine. Our bodies release a natural neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine) that attaches to cholinergic receptors in the muscles surrounding the air passages in our lungs. This cause these muscles to spasm, and your air passages to become narrow (bronchoconstriction). Thus, Atrovent particles attach to these cholinergic receptor sites and block the cholinergic response, thus prevening this airway narrowing. To control asthma, usually there are better medicines than this. However, when all else fails, this is a good option to try. Most experts call Atrovent a back door bronchodilator.

I hope this information helps. Good luck.

If you have any further questions email me, or Visit MyAsthmaCentral.com's" Q&A section.

Monday, February 22, 2010

Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

I was recently asked to write a post about exercise induced asthma and how it pertained to athletes, especially on how it effects athletes, how they can prepare for a workout, and how they can manage and live with it. From my research I learned there was much about EIA I didn't know.

Maybe I knew this before and had forgotten, but I didn't know that EIA and asthma triggered by the cold weather were one and the same. That EIA wasn't even considered a disease until the 1960s. That EIA is relatively a new diagnosis for asthma, and that EIA isn't even a good term for EIA, that EIB is a more appropriate acronym.

Read on, and you'll be amazed as I was on what you'll learn.
Exercise- Induced Asthma Troubles Many -- Even Olympians
by Rick Frea, Monday, February 08, 2010, @
MyAsthmaCentral.com

If you have asthma, chances are you have exercise induced asthma (EIA). I was actually a bit shocked as I read this post and learned that of the 18 million Americans with asthma, 80-90 percent have EIA.

What I also found stunning was that this article from the New York Times noted half of all cross country skiers, and 17 percent of Olympic-level distance runners, have been diagnosed with EIA. Likewise, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI.org), 23 percent of all Olympians have EIA.

I have EIA, and chances are you do too if you've ever experienced the following symptoms during or 5-15 minutes after exercise:

  • Wheezing
  • Tight chest
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • fatigue
  • Chest pain (rarely)
  • cough (perhaps due to increased mucus production)
  • When these symptoms occur they can be treated with your rescue inhaler (like Albuterol) and rest. Although, with proper diagnosis and treatment, these symptoms can be controlled so you can exercise as normal.

    Yet, before we get into diagnosis and treatment, let's describe EIA.

    The best definition I could find came from this post at AAAAI.org, which notes exercise doesn't necessarily "cause" asthma, but that "hyperventilation (fast breathing) associated with exercise cools and dries the upper and lower airway resulting in the release of histamine and other substances that produce the bronchospasm (spasming of the muscles in the air passages in your lungs)."

    Likewise, when an asthmatic exercises when the temperature is cold, and the air dry, "Hyperventilation of cold dry air produces a similar response."

    In this way, asthmatics are more likely to have asthma symptoms when they exercise in cold, dry air.

    Dr. Randolph also said it isn't so much the cold weather that triggers the asthma attack, but the fact that the air is dry. Asthmatic lungs have a diminished ability to humidify the air, and this triggers the asthma response. This has been proven via various studies.

    AAAAI.org also notes it doesn't help that "During strenuous activity, people tend to breathe through their mouths, allowing the cold, dry air to reach the lower airways without passing through the warming, humidifying effect of the nose."

    Actually, according to Dr. Christopher Randolph, a clinical professor at Yale University who was interviewed by The New York Time's, EIA is not quite the same as asthma. He notes the "'preferred term' in the scientific community for exercise-induced asthma is exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or EIB.

    Thus, 13 percent of the non-asthmatic community has EIA, and up to 40 percent of those with a history of allergic rhinitis and allergies, the AAAA.org notes.

    So, why is it that so many athletes have EIA?

    One theory proposes that, according Dr. Randolph, "elite endurance athletes, especially those training more than 20 hours a week, actually 'injure their airways' by breathing so much and so hard. 'They take in up to 200 liters of air per minute,' he says, in comparison to perhaps five or six liters per minute at rest, all of which must be humidified."

    The article further notes the following fact:

    "The resulting inflammation within their bronchial tubes becomes chronic over time, and each subsequent workout more easily triggers a new EIB episode. Cross-country skiers, runners, cyclists and other athletes who train in the wintertime may not have been born with breathing problems, but their repeated episodes of hyperventilating in cold air induce the malady."

    Other things that might effect EIA are:

    • Air pollution
    • High pollen levels
    • Viral respiratory infections
    • Being out of shape
    • poorly controlled allergies/asthma

    Now for the diagnosis and treatment.

    If you suspect you have EIA, you'll want to talk to your doctor and get a proper diagnosis. This can be done by you describing your symptoms, or by your doctor having you do an exercise challenge test. Here you run on a treadmill and have spirometry testing done before and after you work out

    There are two ways to treat EIA. Which one works best for you is generally determined by trial and error:

    1. You'll take asthma controller medications like Advair and Singulair every day.

    2. You'll pre-treat yourself before exercise. There are different methods of pretreating, some of which include taking:

    • 2-4 puffs of Albuterol with a spacer 5-30 minutes before exercise
    • 10 mg of Singulair two hours before exercise.

    Other ways to treat EIA are to:

    • Slowly warm up before exercising for 5-15 minutes
    • Wear a mask in cold weather (or a scarf) to recirculate the air you breath to moisten your airway.
    • Try to breath through your nose
    • Work out indoors when the weather is cold
    • Work out indoors when pollution levels are high
    • Work out indoors when pollen counts are high (like in the Spring)
    • Don't work out when you have a cold
    • Pace yourself
    • Regular exercise training
    • Be compliant with your asthma meds

    AAAAI.org lists alternate activities to consider, such as swimming (you're breathing in moist air as you work out), walking, biking, hiking, or team sports that require "short bursts of energy", such as baseball, football, or short-term track and field.

    Doctors may recommend Olympians cut back on their training in cold weather to minimize their EIA, and this may work for you too. Yet, as many Olympians will prove in the Winter Games that take place February 12-28, 2010, EIA should never stop you from exercising.


    Saturday, February 20, 2010

    Dr's Creed: Beta Blockers and pulmonary fibrosis

    Warning: What follows is top secret information surreptitiously leaked to me via one of the nations elite pulmonologists from an elite teaching hospital. Read at your own risk. This is not edited.

    Page84

    Section B8

    Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that causes air sacs in the lungs to become inflamed and scarred. As this disease process progresses, this makes the lungs thick and stiff, otherwise known as fibrotic. These patients can breathe in air, but oxygen molecules cannot pass from the alveoli to the blood stream, thus causing Progressively worsening hypoxia.

    In addition, the muscular effort required to pull the stiffened lungs open increases and the patients develop rapid shallow respirations with a quick recoil, or expiration.

    Although the uneducated would be skeptical, we have been successful treating pulmonary fibrosis with bronchodilators. Whenever the patient exhibits shortness of breath and/or hypoxia the maximum adult dose of Ventolin should be to administer via nebulizer at 8lpm of oxygen.

    The shortness of breath should immediately abate and the pulse oximeter should read in the 90's. If this is not the case. immediately administer another full dose of Ventolin at 8lpm of oxygen. This regimen may be safely repeated at any interval for however long it takes.

    The action of the bronchodilator is to soften and loosen the scar tissue which is adhering to the walls of the alveoli.

    It is a time consuming process, one which will eventually allow the patient to become without respiratory distress. You may encounter resistance form certain Respiratory Therapists, but do not give them any credence. They are, after all, only trying to get out of work.


    Friday, February 19, 2010

    Dr. Creed: Ventolin increases lung tissue

    Warning: What follows is top secret information surreptitiously leaked to me via one of the nations elite pulmonologists from an elite teaching hospital. Read at your own risk. This is not edited.


    Page83

    Section B7

    It has been brought to our attention that specific arrogant and condescending respiratory therapists have questioned the use of Ventolin for the treatment of Emphysema.

    It is a well known but scientifically unproven fact that Ventolin is instrumental in rebuilding connective structure of small airways, preventing the early collapse of said airways on exhalation.

    The exact process of this regeneration of connective tissue is poorly understood, and in many instances appears non-existent.

    However, if ventolin is given in large quantities over long periods of time (at our institution the order is written; Q forever)connective tissue does start to regenerate.

    It starts in the small airways and progresses to the medium size airways and eventually may be able to completely reverse emphysema!
    No more air-trapping, forced exhalation, and incessant coughing.

    Unfortunately, most patients expire from the effects of emphysema before the connective tissue regeneration is able to take place. It is believed that earlier treatment and larger more frequent doses of ventolin may be able to show a more effective and faster rate of tissue regeneration.

    If your RT's demonstrate a disbelieving, condescending, or apathetic attitude, then you must say to them, "give the treatment as I ordered it!" After all you are the doctor.


    Thursday, February 18, 2010

    More good reasons to quit smoking

    I think we all know by now that smoking is bad for your heart and lungs, but I bet you didn't know smoking also (according to this brochure from the Michigan Department of Community health) is responsible for:

    1. Alzheimer’s Acceleration: Smoking speeds your rate of mental decline; smokers are 5 times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s in the later years of life – with or without a family history of the disease.

    2. Increasing your chances of getting Lupus: Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, tissue damage, and pain throughout the body. Your risk of developing this disease increases when you smoke, but declines when you quit.

    3. Increases your chance for impotence: Smoking has a serious effect on the prevalence of impotence; men who smoke nearly a pack a day increase their risk by a whopping 60%! Luckily, this risk can be decreased when you quit smoking – and the sooner the better.

    4. Increases your chance for going blind: Your risk of age-related macular degeneration goes up 4 fold when you are a smoker – fortunately, quitting reduces that risk. This is a condition that causes a loss of central vision, which means you cannot see straight in front of you. If you enjoy activities like reading, sewing, or driving, it’s time to quit smoking.

    5. Advancing arthritis: If you have Rheumatoid Arthritis in your family history, research shows you are 16 times more likely to get it when you smoke. Even when you don’t have the family history, you are 2.5 times more likely than non-smokers to be affected.

    6. Causing Heartburn: If you have smoked for 20+ years, chances are you have heartburn. You are 70% more likely to get it than a non-smoker!

    7. Causing insomnia: Withdrawal from nicotine may make it harder to fall asleep and the continued withdrawal overnight can cause increased insomnia.

    According to the American Cancer Society, the following have also been linked to smoking:

    Cancers caused by smoking:
    • Acute myeloid leukemia
    • Bladder and kidney
    • Cervical
    • Esophageal
    • Gastric
    • Laryngeal
    • Lung
    • Oral cavity
    • Pancreatic
    • Pharyngeal
    • oral
    Cardiovascular disease:
    • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
    • Coronary heart disease
    • Cerebrovascular disease
    • Peripheral arterial disease
    Reproductive effects:
    • Reduced fertility in women
    • Poor pregnancy outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, preterm delivery)
    • Infant mortality
    Other effects:
    • cataract
    • osteoporosis
    • periodontitis
    • poor surgical outcomes (diminishes immune response and slows healing)
    Periodontal effects:
    • Gingival recession
    • Bone attachment loss
    • Dental caries

    Wednesday, February 17, 2010

    Your RT Queries

    Every so often I check my statcounter to see who's typing things into Google or Yahoo and being linked to my RT Cave blog. Assuming the queries were not answered, I provide in this spot each week my humble responses.And, hey, if the query is comical, it deserves a comical response. If it's serious, I treat it as serious. That in mind, here are this weeks queries:

    1. respiratory therapist funny poems: I wrote a bunch of facecious RT poems once. Here's the link.

    2. do nurses need to listen for lunch sounds after albuterol?: Does a pig poop in the woods?

    3. do respiratory therapist experience more burnout than nurses: Nurses work just as hard as your humble RTs, and I believe they become equally burned out.

    4. allergies causing asthma and restricted airway: Seventy percent of asthmatics have allergies. So, in the case you have allergic asthma, the things you are allergic to may be one of your asthma triggers.

    5. respiratory therapist burn unit: I have the utmost respect for any RT who works in the burn unit. I can't imagine a place I'd want to stay the farthest away from.

    6. cannot fake obstruction on pfts: You cannot fake COPD and asthma. A PFT cannot be faked. Sure you might be able to fake an FVC, but you will not be able to fake the FEV1. For more information, check out my PFT lexicon.

    7. respiratory therapist day shift: I'm nervous about this, but your humble RT Cave RT is going to days.

    8. dr orders cpap with home settings when patients in hospital: Good idea. I think it's best for patients to use their home bipap so long as they are not critical. This is equipment they are used to, is more comfortable, and doesn't have all those annoying whistles.

    9. charting lung sounds: This is a good idea.

    10. respiratory therapy breakthroughs: If anyone reading this blog knows of something new that we all could benefit from, please share.

    If you disagree or agree with my opinion feel free to leave a comment below, as we are all entitled to an opinion. If you have further comments or questions, feel free to write it below or email me.

    Saturday, February 13, 2010

    Real Dr's Creed: Bronchodilators treat CHF too

    Many of the following might seem like nonsense to thinkers like you and me, but the Real Physician's Creed teaches doctors more than what we RTs learn in RT school. Heed, what follows is suruptitious wisdom previously shared only with physicians.

    Page82

    Section B7

    While heart failure was mentioned in section B5 as an indication for bronchodilator, we decided to add this section due to questions ad nauseum regarding the use of bronchodilaotrs for such a purpose.

    It is believed that bronchodilators are merely bronchodilators, although we as physicians know that can't possibly be true. Since heart failure causes a wheeze, a bronchodilator is definitely indicated.

    The known scientifically proven fact is that heart failure can often cause a prolonged expiratory wheeze and shortness of breath similar to asthma.

    This wheeze is caused by increased pressure in the lungs due to pulmonary fluid overload, secondary to left heart failure. Since the increased pressure basically causes the fluid to squeeze the lungs, symptoms mimicking asthma occur.

    Now while it might appear a bronchodilator will not resolve this problem because this is not real bronchospasm per se, it sure makes us physicians feel like we are doing something, and it also makes the patient and family feel like we are doing something too.

    Yet we are doing something. While it is not scientifically proven, it only makes sense that the 0.5 micron particles of the bronchodilator reach the bronchioles and bind to beta receptors there, these magically shrink to 0.1 microns and reach the alveoli.

    From there we know that by a magic osmosis process the Ventolin particles cross over into the blood stream and take up a spot on hemoglobin and sits next to the oxygen molecule, and then it is transported to the kidneys, which have a known affinity to Ventolin.

    Once there, the Ventolin attaches to the beta adrenergic receptors that we just know have to be there. Thereby to treat the renal muscle spasm. This also works to undead necrotic kidney tissue and improves the kidney's ability to clean blood and excrete secretions. Thus, along with being a bronchodilator, Ventolin is also a distal tubular dilator.

    It can only be stated that while RTs will complain that our methods are not scientifically proven, we know that even with all the data, studies, hypo-the-sisses and hoax theories 'round and 'bout, lets add another.

    Note: Like the rest of this Real Physician's Creed, this information must never be mentioned verbally in front of RTs. They can wonder, but must never know.



    Friday, February 12, 2010

    Real Dr's Creed: Indications for bronchodilators

    Many of the following might seem like nonsense to thinkers like you and me, but the Real Physician's Creed teaches doctors that bronchodilators are indicated for more than asthma, COPD, CF, etc. Heed, what follows is suruptitious wisdom previously shared only with physicians. This should explain why every patient admitted with any respiratory ailments is prescribed a breathing treatment.


    Page80

    Section B5

    The following are the real indications for bronchodilators. There is no scientific proof of the following, but if it sounds good it has to be a valid reason.
    • Dr. ordered it
    • Don't know what else to do
    • Nurse wanted it
    • Pt wanted it
    • Inflammation of throat
    • Inflammation of bronchioles
    • Inflammation of alveoli
    • Suspected inflammation of throat
    • Croup
    • Nasal gastric tube (NG)
    • Suspected inflammation of bronchioles
    • bronchiolitis
    • RSV
    • sinusitis
    • pneumonia
    • nasal drainage
    • Stridor
    • Sinusitis
    • Mesothelioma
    • Lupus
    • M.S.
    • Homeless
    • Depression
    • Pt has home nebs
    • Pt likes tx
    • Pt likes company
    • Bed ridden
    • Patient wearing a mask
    • History of smoking
    • Irritating lung sounds
    • Low SpO2
    • Trach
    • Intubated
    • Post operative
    • Atelectasis
    • Fever
    • Trach
    • Intubation (Ventolatorolin)
    • Respiratory distress of any sort
    • Failure to thrive
    • To prevent failure (Preventolatorolin)
    • To prevent re-failure (Postventilatorolin)
    • CHF
    • Pulmonary edema
    • patient wearing a mask
    • Rhonchi
    • Any wheeze regardless of source or cause
    • Any annoying lung sounds
    • Crackles (any kind)
    • Pleural effusion
    • Pneumo
    • Tuberculosis
    • Sleep apnea
    • Rickits
    • RSV
    • ARDS
    • RDS
    • P.E.
    • Acute asthma
    • Chronic asthma
    • COPD
    • Emphysema
    • Chronic Bronchitis
    • Acute Bronchitis
    • Allergic reaction
    • Bronchiectasis
    • Cystic Fibrosis
    • Cough
    • Not coughing enough
    • Sputum induction
    • Detox tremors
    • Dehydration
    • Hypokalemia
    • Hyperkalemia
    • Priapism
    • Cickle Cell Anemia
    • Anemia
    • Blood transfusion
    • Patient irritated
    • Doctor irritated by patient
    • Doctor irritated by RT or RN
    • RT needs procedure count to stay at work
    • To meet criteria for admission
    • To meet intensity of service
    • All wheezes (all that wheezes is bronchospasm)
    • All SOB (SOB is always caused by bronchospasm)

    Thursday, February 11, 2010

    Smoking is no longer the IN thing

    While smoking was once the in-thing, cool, and most people smoked, today smoking is rare and very few people smoke. Consider the following trends in adult smoking by sex as recorded in the U.S. between 1955 and 2005, and reported by the Center for Disease Control:

    • 1955 Males = 54% smoked, females 24%
    • 1965 Males = 52% smoked, females 34%
    • 1975 Males = 44% smoked, females 30%
    • 1985 Males = 34% smoked, females 28%
    • 1995 Males - 23.9% smoked, females 18.0%

    Wednesday, February 10, 2010

    Do not overoxygenate neonates

    I work for a smaller hospital, so we usually stabilize newborn babies that are having trouble and then package them up to be sent to a neonatal specialty center like that of Motts Children's hospital at the University of Michigan or Devos Children's Hospital in Grand Rapids.

    Recently we set up new ventilator guidelines based on the recommendations of the hospitals we send our kids to (see this post). One of the recommendations was not to over oxygenate neonates. That not only can too much oxygen cause morbidity in neonates, it can cause long term complications in term infants too.

    The old wisdom we had to change was that any neonate who had a heart rate of less than 100 should receive positive pressure breaths with 100% FiO2 in order to stimulate breathing.

    Why was it believed that 100% oxygen was needed? Well, allow me to walk you through the anatomy of an infant's circulation before and after birth:



    1. Before birth, all oxygen to the baby comes from the placenta via the umbilical vein, and most oxygenated blood takes the path of least resistance across the ductus arteriosis. Resistance is high in the lungs due to constricted arterioles and fluid filled alveoli.

    2. After birth there are several major changes that take place

    • The cord is clamped, which causes constricting of cord vessels
    • The baby's systemic blood pressure increases immediately
    • The baby is forced to take a breath to get oxygen
    • In a matter of seconds after oxygen enters the lungs the pulmonary vessels relax
    • and the Ductus Arteriosis constricts
    • This makes the lungs the route of least resistance for blood from the right side of the heart
    • thus causing oxygenated blood to be sent to the system
    • Fluid in lungs is absorbed by the body and gradually replaced by oxygen
    Of course 90% of baby's take this initial breath on their own. However, for one reason or another, 10% need to be stimulated to breath. Usually drying, suctioning and stimulating the baby works great. Still 10% of that 10% do not start breathing even then, and more aggressive therapy is indicated.


    Back in the 1970s there was a lot of litigation where the parents of children who either died or had complications due to anoxic brain injuries that occurred at birth, and that is why the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) was started. This was an opportunity for experts at larger institutions to share their wisdom with all hospital workers throughout the U.S.

    The #1 sign of low oxygen to the tissues in newborn infants is a drop in heart rate. Thus, a heart rate of less than 100 is the first sign that action needs to be taken -- per the NRP guidelines. Most of these children respond well to positive pressure breaths. Some, however, continue to need additional support, such as intubation, epinephrine, glucose or fluid depending on the determined cause.

    However, based on the fact that oxygen in the lungs results in a relaxation of the pulmonary vasculature, it was believed, inaccurately it now turns out, that 100% oxygen would help trigger that first breath. However, recent studies show us the following:



    1. A growing # of literature show you don't need 100% oxygen when ventilating neonates



    2. New studies show that high levels of oxygen, even in otherwise healthy term babies, can be detrimental to the health and long term health of newborns

    3. Several studies have linked 100% oxygen even for as little as one minute to:

    • Leukemia
    • Cancer
    • Cellular death
    • Infection
    • Delayed development of oxygen sensing tissue
    • Oxygen radical disease of neonate
    • Retnopathy of Prematurity
    • Chronic lung disease
    4. Studies show little difference in heart rate and APGAR. Some actually showed improved APGAR score on room air as opposed to oxygen. It appears more kids are not breathing when exposed to 100% FiO2.


    5.. Benefits of lowering oxygen sats (SpO2):

    • Increased neurological function
    • Decreased retnopathy of prematurity
    • Decreased chronic lung disease
    • Increased weight gain
    • Decreased infection
    • Decreased ventilator days
    • Decreased oxygen days
    • Decreased length of stay
    6. Room air decreased neonate mortality rate by 30-40%


    7. These studies have scientists now thinking it is not oxygen that stimulates that first breath, but heat, positive pressure breaths, and stimulation by either suctioning, rubbing the baby with a warm blanket, tapping the soles of the feet, etc.

    8. Some institutions are currently doing studies using 21% FiO2 during positive pressure breaths . I believe the Spectrum Health in Grand Rapids is currently undergoing one such study.

    9. Some studies are being done to determine if there are ways to keep the SpO2 of a newborn baby at less than 60% to allow for the best growing environment for premature organs. These organs are not meant to be exposed to an over oxygenated environment, and should not be exposed to too much oxygen.

    10. For term babies, the reason you don't want to over oxygenate is because new studies show that too much oxygen can cause an increase of free radicals which may not cause immediate problems, but may increase the risk of various cancers.

    11. It may take up to 10 minutes for a newborn baby's sat to get up to 90%. In the first few minutes an SpO2 of 70-80% is normal and acceptable. Therefore it's not a good idea to shock a baby with 100% FiO2.

    12. According to Roy Ramirez, "Oxygen Management of the Very Low Birth Weight Infant" (RT Magazine, Roy Ramirez, February, 2010), "Gladstone et al showed a correlation between oxygen use and an increase in protein-bound carbonyl in lung fluid, which is a marker for oxidative injury.

    13. Likewise, According to Ramirez, "Munkeby et al demonstrated that oxygen at high concentrations, even for short periods of time, can produce a significant increase in inflammatory markers.

    14. Also Accoridng to Ramirez, "Some infants could be predisposed to chronic lung disease as demonstrated in a study by Tsao et al, which showed a direct correlation in placenta growth factor (P1GF) levels in cord blood at birth and risk for pramature infants to develop chronic lung disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia).

    15. Ramirez also notes an infant in utero lives in an SpO2 environment of about 60%, and this can drop to 30% during labor. So it is acceptable to allow the SpO2 to slowly increase to the recommended level (see below) over a 10 minute period. This is one of the main reasons why shocking the baby with 100% FiO2 can be detrimental to the infant, and can actually have the opposite effect as desired.

    Based on studies, the following are now the new recommendations:

    1. Many institutions, including the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, now recommend you no longer ventilate at 100% oxygen. While it used to be believed that every baby who needs positive pressure ventilation should get 100% FiO2, this is no longer deemed acceptable due to recent study results.

    2. A new recommendation is that oxygen should be considered a drug, and each patient should get a different dose based on need.


    3. The new recommended starting FiO2 is 40%, which is to be adjusted to maintain target sats (see below)


    4. Since it is no longer believed oxygen stimulates that first breath, and considering the dangers of oxygen, some hospitals have gone to 21% FiO2 already. I imagine this will be the recommended FiO2 for the NRP program of the future.

    5. It is essential that you pay attention so sats (see below) Do not leave any baby at 100%.



    6. The only exception is for PPHN (Persistent Pulmonary Hypertention of the newborn). If you suspect PPHN, make sure you give 100% FiO2 or at least try to keep sats 95-99%.



    7. With a baby less than 30 weeks the SpO2 should be kept at less than 90%. The concern is early eye development. Plus scientists are not sure if its organs should be rapidly exposed to too much oxygen, when in utero they were developing in an environment where the SpO2 was less than 60%.



    8. It is okay to use room air. If you only have room air, use room air. This is acceptable per the Neonatal Resuscitation Program.


    9. It is recommended that all OB departments have an oxygen blender.

    10. It is recommended that all tails be taken off Ambu-bags so that 100% is never given just in case you have to use them (Ideally, however, you should use a T-piece resuscitator like a Neo-puff which has a blender built in).

    11. If you see low sats try to fix the problem before reaching for oxygen. Don't treat the number or the symptom. Treat the patient.

    12. If baby spontaneously breathing and continues to be labored, consider CPAP even if you don't have a doctor's order. According to Neonatal Resuscitation Program, CPAP is considered good practice. You may use Neo-puff to administer CPAP by holding the mask over the neonates mouth and nose.

    According to Spectum Health in Grand Rapids, the following are the new target SpO2s you should reach for:

    • Less than 30 weeks gestation: SpO2 of 85%
    • 30-34 weeks gestation: SpO2 of 88%
    • 35-39 weeks gestation: SpO2 of 91%
    • 40 weeks gestation or greater: SpO2 of 94%
    The following are the new rules for oxygenating neonates:

    • Achieve sat gradually
    • Decrease FiO2 as sats rise greater than 95%
    • If heart rate not rising, check for correct ventilation
    • Do not chase saturations, as fluctuations in sats are normal (better to bounce low than high)
    • In other words: don't stare at the sat monitor

    Tuesday, February 9, 2010

    Can smoking only a few years cause asthma?

    Every day at MyAsthmaCentral.com we get lots of asthma related questions. Below are some questions I thought my readers at the RT Cave would enjoy.

    Question: can smoking for few years cause asthma?

    My humble answer: This is a tricky question to answer. First, you must understand that both asthma and COPD are considered by most experts to be genetic disorders. In many cases, people diagnosed with COPD also have the asthma gene.

    Many experts believe only people with the asthma gene will get asthma, and those who do develop asthma will have this happen in the first few months of life when our immune systems are developing. However, even while you had asthma your whole life, you may not show symptoms of this until you are exposed to something that triggers your asthma. In your case, this might just be your smoking in your adulthood.

    So, if you have all the indicators of asthma, and/ or the family history, then your doctor may be wise to diagnose you with asthma and treat you as such. For one thing, this will save you a ton of money that would otherwise be spent on tests.

    Likewise, you should know that there really is no one sure test to diagnose asthma. There are questions, assessments, and tests that can lean a doctor in that direction, but no one test that says, "He has asthma." Usually the diagnosis is based on the better judgement of the physician.

    So, do you have asthma? Here's a definition: "It's a disease that causes airway obstruction and therefore difficulty breathing, coughing, chest tightness and wheezing. Yet, this can be reversed either with time or bronchodilators." In other words, asthma is a reversible obstructive airway disease.

    Here's some links you can check out for more information:

    1. Diagnosing asthma
    2. Hygeine Hypothesis

    If you have any further questions email me, or Visit MyAsthmaCentral.com's" Q&A section.

    Monday, February 8, 2010

    The ideal Smoking Cessation Program

    Another responsibility laid upon us respiratory therapists is educating our patients who smoke on the importance of quitting. Most smoking cessation programs are fully reimbursed by most insurance companies, Medicaid and Medicare.

    I always felt I was overstepping my bounds telling my patients they ought to quit. That was until I saw the latest statistics. The fact is, 70% of smokers say a health care professional has never told them to quit, and yet 70% of smokers say they want to quit.

    Likewise, with the help of a clinical professional, the odds of a person quitting doubles. On top of that, the chances are that smoking is probably what caused and exacerbated the illness that caused the patient to be in the hospital in the first place. Smoking is also known to slow the immune process which delays healing. Quitting smoking, therefore, can prevent such an occurrence from re-occurring in the future.

    Also, According to the CDC, " Constituents in tobacco smoke (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) may enhance the metabolism of drugs, resulting in a reduced pharmacologic response. Smoking might adversely affect the clinical response to the treatment of a wide variety of conditions."

    The job of the RT is not to finish the program, just start it. All we have to do is remind the patient of the importance of quitting, and what are the latest recommendations or products to help them quit, and then show them what steps they need to get started. Ultimately, our job is to nudge the patient.

    The following is what the Michigan Department of Community Health recommends we do:

    1. Ask about tobacco use at every visit:

    • Advise patients to quit: "I realize that quitting is difficult. It is the most important thing you can do to protect your health now and in the future."
    • Link current illness and tobacco use (Condition x is caused or worsened by smoking)
    • Counsel on proper use of cessation medications
    • Review the benefits of behavioral counseling

    2. Assess readiness to quit: The Average person takes 9-11 attempts

    3. Refer patient to tobacco quit line, or provide patient with tobacco quit kit

    • refer to the Michigan Tobacco Quitline (1-800-480-QUIT)
    • Refer patient to a self help quit book like this one.

    4. Encourage the patient by emphasizing that quitting is possible.

    5. Address ambivalence by reminding patient that it is normal to be scared about quitting smoking, and "getting stuck there is not!" Try to get them to look at the advantages of quitting smoking; of how they will be healthier; "Is there any way at all in which you’d be better off if you quit? That might be something to think about."

    Types of ambivalence include:

    • The products don’t work: The truth is, medications significantly improve quit rates, and all smokers should be encouraged to use them. If they didn't work in the past, it's because they weren't used properly, or the wrong dose was prescribed. Make sure the patient understand how to take medicine properly, and that they never quit. Encourage patient to use on a steady basis, and not as needed.
    • I’m trading one addiction for another: Nicotine is absorbed from the lungs and reaches the brain in 11 seconds. That's what makes smoking so addictive. Cessation meds provide nicotine very slow, and therefore it's harder to get addicted. Also, it's easier to wean off the meds than cigarettes.
    • I can quit on my own:
      Fewer than 5% of people who quit without assistance are successful in quitting for more than a year. Most people do not succeed on their own, and medications double your chances of quitting.
    • NRT is harmful: NRT is the nicotine used in medications. Nicotine, however, is not the harmful component of tobacco. Harm comes from the 4,800 hazardous chemicals in cigarette smoke (see below). NRT is safe and when you are getting NRT you are not getting the 4,800 hazardous chemicals that come with smoking cigarettes. Likewise, people don't die from using nicotine meds, they do die of smoking cigarettes.

    6. Address withdrawal concerns:

    Nicotine withdrawal effects include:

    • Depression
    • Insomnia
    • Irritability/frustration/anger
    • Anxiety
    • Difficulty concentrating
    • Restlessness
    • Increased appetite/weight gain
    • Decreased heart rate
    • Cravings

    It must be noted here that most symptoms peak 24–48 hours after quitting and subside within 2–4 weeks.

    7. There are many products available for you and your doctor to choose from:

    • Nicotine gum
    • nicotine lozenge
    • Nicotine transdermal patch
    • Nicotine nasal spray
    • Nicotine inhaler
    • Zyban
    • Chantix

    8. The advantages of nicotine replacement:

    • Reduces physical withdrawal from nicotine
    • Eliminates the immediate, reinforcing effects of nicotine that is rapidly absorbed via tobacco smoke
    • Allows patient to focus on behavioral and psychological aspects of tobacco cessation

    9. Encourage Behavioral change:

    • Fewer than 5% of people who quit without assistance are successful in quitting for more than a year
    • Few patients adequately plan and prepare for quitting on their own
    • Many patients do not understand the need to change behavior.
    • Often, patients think they can just "make themselves quit."
    • Patients who get help are more likely to be able to quit for good."

    Triggers for tobacco use: What situations lead to temptations to use tobacco?

    Routines/situations associated with tobacco use:

    • When drinking coffee
    • While driving in the car
    • When bored or stressed
    • While watching television
    • While at a bar with friends
    • After meals
    • During breaks at work
    • While on the telephone
    • While with specific friends or family

    Control your environment:

    • Create a tobacco-free home and workplace: Don't let other smoke around you
    • Actively avoid trigger situations as listed above
    • Modify behaviors that you associate with tobacco
    • Create substitutes for smoking: nicotine gum, etc.

    10. Note facts: It is not nicotine that causes health problems, it is the 4,800 chemicals in cigarettes. Nicotine replacement therapy is not addicting because you receive smaller doses that can be controlled. You cannot control the amount of nicotine in a cigarette.

    Some chemicals in cigarettes besides nicotine include:

    • Arsenic
    • Acetic Acid
    • Acitone
    • Ammonia
    • Benzene
    • Butane
    • Cadmium
    • Carbon Monoxide
    • Ethanol
    • Formaldehyde
    • Hydrazine
    • Hexamine
    • Hydrogen Cyanide
    • Lead
    • Methane
    • Methanol
    • Naphthalene
    • Nickel
    • Phenol
    • Polonium
    • Steric Acid
    • Styrene
    • Tar
    • Toluene

    Consider the following facts about quitting smoking:

    • Within hours after you stop your carbon monoxide level falls to normal and the oxygen in your blood increases
    • One day after you stop your risk for heart attack starts to go down
    • Two days after you stop your nerve endings start to repair themselves so your senses of taste and smell start to return to normal
    • Two weeks after you quit your lungs are working 30% better than before you quit
    • Within 1-9 months lung function continues to improve, cough, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath all decrease as your lungs regain normal function
    • Within one year your risk of heart disease is cut in half.
    • Within 15 years risk of stroke, lung cancer and heart disease are that of a person who never smoked, and you can consider yourself fully healed.

    10. Allay the fallacies:

    • "Smoking gets rid of all my stress." Truth: There will always be stress in one’s life.
    • "I can’t relax without a cigarette." Truth: There are many ways to relax without a cigarette.
    • Smokers confuse the relief of withdrawal with the feeling of relaxation.
    • Second hand smoke is safe. Truth: Studies show even short term exposure to 2nd hand smoke can increase the risk of heart attacks and cancer. It also increases childhood risk of respiratory tract infections like RSV and bronchiolitis, which can lead to hospitalization and even death. It's also linked to increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It also causes asthma attacks and is even linked to causing asthma.
    • Third hand smoke is safe. Truth: The smell of smoke in your house and on your clothing has also been linked to disease.

    The following are the five R's to motivate a patient to quit smoking as per the Certified Respiratory Therapy Review Guide (2010, page 273):

    1. Relevance: Use facts to encourage patient to indicate why smoking is relevent (risk to my own health, risk to my family and friend's health, etc.)
    2. Risks: Ask patient to identify the negative consequences of tobacco use. Highlight those that are most relevent to patient: shortness of breath, exacerbation of asthma, harm to pregrancy, impotence, risk of heart attack, cancer and stroke. Also, increased risk of health complications for others.
    3. Rewards: Ask the patient to identify potential benefits of quitting. Examples: Smoking will improve your health, smell, taste, length of life, improve self esteem, good example for kids, have healthier babies and children, stop forcing others to breath in your smoke, feel better, perform better physically, reduced wrinkles, etc.
    4. Roadblocks: Ask the patient to identify barriers or impediments to quitting and note elements of treatment (problem solving, pharmacotherapy) that could address these parriers. Typical bariers might include withdrawal symptoms, fear of failure, weight gain, lack of support, depression, and enjoyment of tobacco.
    5. Repeat: Repeat all the above motivational interventions as needed.

    This post based on this power point presentation by the Michigan Department of Community Health. I also used some information from this power point presentation MSFH.

    Sunday, February 7, 2010

    Bronchodilator defenders

    Some RTs Will defend useless treatments tooth and nail. They don't want to believe their livelihood is based on doing something that has no value, no purpose, and no scientific benefit to the patient -- and that spreads germs.

    For now on we'll call these RTs bronchodilator defenders. They, like many doctors, believe a bronchodilator is of benefit to any lungsounds they find that are annoying. They also feel as though they are doing something to help the patient, when they might as well be nebulizing water for most of them.

    The FDA has now made a recommendation that all doctors stop ordering nebulized medicines and, with the exception of exacerbations of COPD and Asthma, an MDI be used instead. The purpose here is that the patient will inhale the mist, and exhale the mist with H1H1 virus attached. Basically, we nebulize h1n1 all over the hospital.

    Yet, even though the admins here made the recommendation, I have not seen any fewer nebulized medications in this hospital. I'm telling you, the reason is because even if the nebulized medicine isn't doing anything it makes the doctor feel like he is doing something.

    Another reason is that doctors falsely believe that nebulized form of Albuterol is somehow better than that inhaled by inhaler. All studies I've ever seen show MDI with spacer is just as effective. These doctors don't care about studies.

    I bet some doctors actually think nebulized Ventolin prevents patients from getting h1n1 in the first place.

    These doctors are bronchodilator defenders. They use their hoax, nonscientific theories to prove to themselves they are doing what is right.

    Yet, in the end, they're wasting money and spreading germs. How's that for real science?

    Saturday, February 6, 2010

    DR Creed: Bronchodilators treat inflammation too

    The following might seem like nonsense to thinkers like you and me, but the Real Physician's Creed teaches doctors otherwise. Heed, what follows is suruptitious wisdom previously shared only with physicians.


    Page81

    Section B6

    While inflammation was mentioned in the previous section as an indication for bronchodilator, we decided to add this section due to questions ad nauseum regarding the use of bronchodilaotrs as such.

    We educated folk know that bronchodilators are, well, bronchodilators. They, in essence, dilate bronchioles, which are the air passages in our lungs. Actually, what they do is relax spasming bronchiolar muscles when they are spasming.

    Yet, while this is the scientifically proven use for bronchodilators such as Albuterol and Xopenex, we know that can't possibly be the only use for this great medicine. Therefore, since it sounds good and makes us feel good, bronchodilators just have to be indicated for inflammation too.

    After all, inflammation is the cornerstone of many pulmonary ailments. We aren't quite sure how it works, but just know bronchodilators work along with inhaled and systemic corticosteroids to ease inflammation.

    Likewise, it is not true that "If the bronchioles are not spasming, bronchodilators do not dilate bronchioles.

    It is also not true that bronchodilators do not make it down to the alveoli, as we know this medicine has amazing shrinking abilities to reach the alveoli, and amazing enlarging abilities to stick to the large airways and nasal passages.

    It is also not true that there are no beta adrenergic receptor cells in the alveoli and the throat, as we know they just have to be there. Also, there must be beta receptors in the nose and throat too.

    Therefore, in case you were wondering, bronchodilators do work well for inflammation of the nose, throat, bronchioles, alveoli and anywhere else along the respiratory tract.

    And this is why we recommend bronchodilator breathing treatments work for pneumonia (an inflammatory disease of the alveoli), bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis, as well as several others.

    Note: Like the rest of this Real Physician's Creed, this information must never be mentioned verbally in front of RTs. They can wonder, but must never know.